Preti Antonio, Sisti Davide, Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi, Siddi Sara, Cella Matteo, Masala Carmelo, Petretto Donatella Rita, Carta Mauro Giovanni
Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Italy; Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Italy; Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Service of Biostatistics, University of Urbino, Italy.
Compr Psychiatry. 2014 May;55(4):826-36. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.01.015. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
The study of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) in non-clinical populations is increasingly used to corroborate etiological models of psychosis. This method capitalizes on the absence of confounding factors that typically affect the study of hallucinations in clinical subjects.
To estimate the prevalence of HLEs in young adults; validate the mutidimensionality and explore the correlates of latent HLEs clusters.
Cross-sectional survey design. The extended 16-item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-E) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were administered to 649 Italian college students (males: 47%). Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to test multidimensionality of the LSHS-E. Hierarchical nested, progressively constrained models were used to assess configural, metric and scalar invariance of the LSHS-E. Latent class analysis was used to test the existence of different profiles of responding across the identified hallucination-proneness dimensions.
Factor analysis showed that the four-factor model had the best fit. Factors were invariant across demographic variables and levels of psychological distress. Three latent classes were found: a large class with no HLEs (70% of participants), a multisensory HLEs class (18.8%), and a high hallucination-proneness class (11%). Among those reporting high levels of HLEs, approximately half reported scores indicative of considerable psychological distress.
Although HLEs have a relatively high prevalence in the general population, the majority of those experiences happen in isolation and are not associated to psychological distress. Approximately half of those individuals experiencing high levels of HLEs report significant psychological distress. This may be indicative of general risk for mental health conditions rather than specific risk for psychosis.
对非临床人群中类似幻觉体验（HLEs）的研究越来越多地被用于证实精神病的病因模型。该方法利用了通常影响临床受试者幻觉研究的混杂因素的缺失。
估计年轻成年人中HLEs的患病率；验证多维性并探索潜在HLEs集群的相关因素。
采用横断面调查设计。对649名意大利大学生（男性占47%）进行了扩展的16项Launay-Slade幻觉量表（LSHS-E）和12项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）的测试。采用验证性因子分析来检验LSHS-E的多维性。使用分层嵌套、逐步约束模型来评估LSHS-E的构型、度量和标量不变性。使用潜在类别分析来检验在已确定的幻觉倾向维度上不同反应模式的存在。
因子分析表明四因子模型拟合最佳。各因子在人口统计学变量和心理困扰水平上是不变的。发现了三个潜在类别：一个无HLEs的大类（70%的参与者）、一个多感官HLEs类（18.8%）和一个高幻觉倾向类（11%）。在报告高水平HLEs的人群中，约一半人的得分表明存在相当程度的心理困扰。
尽管HLEs在普通人群中的患病率相对较高，但大多数此类体验是孤立发生的，且与心理困扰无关。约一半经历高水平HLEs的个体报告有明显的心理困扰。这可能表明存在心理健康问题的一般风险，而非精神病的特定风险。
