维生素 A、C、E 和硒作为抗氧化剂对镉、铜、铅和锌对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）红细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性的作用。
The role of vitamins A, C, E and selenium as antioxidants against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on erythrocytes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.
机构信息
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014 Jun;104:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.015. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
This study was carried out to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of sublethal concentration (5mg L(-1)) of combined metals including Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (1.25mg L(-1) of each) on erythrocytes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus after exposure for five and seven days; and to evaluate the protective role of vitamin E alone and a combination of selenium (Se) with vitamins A, C and E which was added to the diet as antioxidants against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of these metals. This was accomplished by application of micronuclei (MN), binuclei (BN), nuclear abnormalities (NAs) assays in addition to morphological erythrocyte alteration (MAEs) assay. The results revealed that, exposure of O. niloticus to Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn induced the formation of nine genotoxic endpoints including MN, BN and seven patterns of NAs, kidney-shaped nuclei, blebbed nuclei, lobed nuclei, bilobed nuclei, notched nuclei, hook-shaped nuclei and vacuolated nuclei; and five patterns of morphological malformations were recorded as cytotoxic endpoints including echinocytes, acanthocytes, teardrop-like erythrocytes, microcytes and fused erythrocytes. Frequencies of these abnormalities were significantly different (p<0.05) in comparison to control group. The maximum number of MN, BN and most of NAs and MAEs were recorded in the 5th day of exposure and then start to decrease as recorded in the 7th day. Addition of the vitamin E alone to the diet significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequencies of MN, BN, and most of NAs and MAEs to become less than those recorded in metals-treated fish. But, addition of a combination of Se with vitamins A, C and E in the diet resulted in more significant decrease (p<0.05) in frequencies of MN, BN, NAs and most MAEs to become less than those recorded in both, fish treated with metals only and fish treated with metals and supplied with vitamin E alone in the diet. Therefore, this study confirms the powerful protective potential of the vitamin E alone and a combination of SE with vitamins A, C and E as antioxidants against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in erythrocytes of O. niloticus. Also, confirmed on the validity of MN test and NAs in addition to MAEs as effective indicators and valuable sensitive monitoring tools for detecting genotoxic and cytotoxic agents in the aquatic environment.
这项研究旨在调查亚致死浓度（5mg/L(-1)）的 Cd、Cu、Pb 和 Zn 联合金属（每种金属浓度为 1.25mg/L(-1)）对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）红细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性。暴露 5 天和 7 天后；并评估维生素 E 单独以及将硒（Se）与维生素 A、C 和 E 组合作为抗氧化剂添加到饮食中以对抗这些金属的遗传毒性和细胞毒性的保护作用。这是通过应用微核（MN）、双核（BN）、核异常（NA）测定以及形态红细胞改变（MAE）测定来完成的。结果表明，O. niloticus 暴露于 Cd、Cu、Pb 和 Zn 会诱导 9 个遗传毒性终点的形成，包括 MN、BN 和 7 种 NA 模式，肾形核、起泡核、叶核、双叶核、缺口核、钩状核和空泡核；以及记录了 5 种形态畸形作为细胞毒性终点，包括刺状红细胞、棘状红细胞、泪滴状红细胞、微红细胞和融合红细胞。与对照组相比，这些异常的频率有显著差异（p<0.05）。在暴露的第 5 天记录到 MN、BN 和大多数 NA 和 MAE 的最大值，然后在第 7 天开始减少。在饮食中单独添加维生素 E 可显著（p<0.05）降低 MN、BN 和大多数 NA 和 MAE 的频率，使其低于仅用金属处理的鱼类记录的值。但是，在饮食中添加 Se 与维生素 A、C 和 E 的组合会导致 MN、BN、NA 和大多数 MAE 的频率更显著（p<0.05）降低，使其低于仅用金属处理的鱼类和用金属处理的鱼类。在饮食中单独添加维生素 E。因此，这项研究证实了维生素 E 单独以及将 SE 与维生素 A、C 和 E 组合作为抗氧化剂对 O. niloticus 红细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性具有强大的保护潜力。此外，还证实了 MN 试验和 NA 以及 MAEs 作为检测水生环境中遗传毒性和细胞毒性剂的有效指标和有价值的敏感监测工具的有效性。
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