Ergene Serap, Cavaş Tolga, Celik Ayla, Köleli Nurcan, Aymak Cemil
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Mersin University, 33342 Mersin, Turkey.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2007 Jul;48(6):421-9. doi: 10.1002/em.20291.
The Berdan River, which empties into the Mediterranean Sea on the east coast of Turkey, receives discharges of industrial and municipal waste. In the present study, the in vivo piscine micronucleus (MN) test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples collected from different locations along the Berdan River. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed in the laboratory for 2, 4, and 6 days, and micronuclei were evaluated in peripheral blood erythrocytes, gill cells, and caudal fin epithelial cells. A single dose of 5 mg/L cyclophosphamide was used as a positive control. In addition to micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities (NAs), such as binucleated cells and blebbed, notched, and lobed nuclei, were assessed in the erythrocytes, and chemical analyses were carried out to determine the amount of heavy metals in the water samples. MN and NA frequencies were significantly elevated (up to 2- to 3-fold) in fish exposed to river water samples taken downstream of potential discharges, and the elevated responses in gill and fin cells were related to the concentration of heavy metals in the water. MN frequencies (expressed as micronucleated cells/1,000 cells), in both treated and untreated fish, were greatest in gill cells (range: 0.80-3.70), and generally lower in erythrocytes (range: 0.50-2.80), and fin cells (range: 0.45-1.70). The results of this study indicate that the Berdan River is contaminated with genotoxic pollutants and that the genotoxicity is related to the discharge of wastes into the river water.
伯尔丹河注入土耳其东海岸的地中海，接纳工业和城市废水排放。在本研究中，采用体内鱼类微核（MN）试验来评估从伯尔丹河不同地点采集的水样的遗传毒性。尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在实验室中暴露2、4和6天，并对外周血红细胞、鳃细胞和尾鳍上皮细胞中的微核进行评估。使用单剂量5 mg/L的环磷酰胺作为阳性对照。除了微核，还评估了红细胞中的核异常（NA），如双核细胞以及出现泡状、缺口状和叶状的细胞核，并进行了化学分析以确定水样中的重金属含量。暴露于潜在排放下游采集的河水样的鱼类中，微核和核异常频率显著升高（高达2至3倍），鳃和鳍细胞中升高的反应与水中重金属浓度有关。在处理和未处理的鱼类中，微核频率（以每1000个细胞中的微核细胞数表示）在鳃细胞中最高（范围：0.80 - 3.70），在红细胞中一般较低（范围：0.50 - 2.80），在鳍细胞中最低（范围：0.45 - 1.70）。本研究结果表明，伯尔丹河受到遗传毒性污染物的污染，且遗传毒性与向河水中排放废物有关。
