Stubbs R James, O'Reilly Leona M, Whybrow Stephen, Fuller Zoë, Johnstone Alexandra M, Livingstone M Barbara E, Ritz Patrick, Horgan Graham W
Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Jun 14;111(11):2032-43. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000154. Epub 2014 Mar 17.
To date, no study has directly and simultaneously measured the discrepancy between what people actually eat and what they report eating under observation in the context of energy balance (EB). The present study aimed to objectively measure the 'extent' and 'nature' of misreporting of dietary intakes under conditions in which EB and feeding behaviour were continuously monitored. For this purpose, a total of fifty-nine adults were recruited for 12 d, involving two 3 d overt phases and two 3 d covert phases of food intake measurement in a randomised cross-over design. Subjects had ad libitum access to a variety of familiar foods. Food intake was covertly measured using a feeding behaviour suite to establish actual energy and nutrient intakes. During the overt phases, subjects were instructed to self-report food intake using widely accepted methods. Misreporting comprised two separate and synchronous phenomena. Subjects decreased energy intake (EI) when asked to record their food intake (observation effect). The effect was significant in women ( - 8 %, P< 0·001) but not in men ( - 3 %, P< 0·277). The reported EI was 5 to 21 % lower (reporting effect) than the actual intake, depending on the reporting method used. Semi-quantitative techniques gave larger discrepancies. These discrepancies were identical in men and women and non-macronutrient specific. The 'observation' and 'reporting' effects combined to constitute total misreporting, which ranged from 10 to 25 %, depending on the intake measurement assessed. When studied in a laboratory environment and EB was closely monitored, subjects under-reported their food intake and decreased the actual intake when they were aware that their intake was being monitored.
迄今为止，尚无研究在能量平衡（EB）背景下，直接且同时测量人们实际饮食与观察期间所报告饮食之间的差异。本研究旨在客观测量在持续监测EB和进食行为的条件下，饮食摄入量误报的“程度”和“性质”。为此，共招募了59名成年人，为期12天，采用随机交叉设计，包括两个3天的公开阶段和两个3天的隐蔽阶段的食物摄入量测量。受试者可随意获取各种常见食物。使用进食行为套件对食物摄入量进行隐蔽测量，以确定实际能量和营养摄入量。在公开阶段，指导受试者使用广泛认可的方法自我报告食物摄入量。误报包括两种独立且同步的现象。当被要求记录食物摄入量时，受试者会减少能量摄入量（观察效应）。这种效应在女性中显著（-8%，P<0.001），但在男性中不显著（-3%，P<0.277）。根据所使用的报告方法，报告的能量摄入量比实际摄入量低5%至21%（报告效应）。半定量技术的差异更大。这些差异在男性和女性中相同，且与常量营养素无关。“观察”和“报告”效应共同构成总误报，根据所评估的摄入量测量方法，总误报范围为10%至25%。在实验室环境中进行研究并密切监测EB时，当受试者意识到自己的摄入量被监测时，他们会少报食物摄入量并减少实际摄入量。
