Caniato Marco, Vaccari Mentore, Visvanathan Chettiyappan, Zurbrügg Christian
University of Brescia, Research Centre on Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in Developing Countries (CeTAmb), Via Branze, 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), School of Environment, Resources and Development (SERD), P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
Waste Manag. 2014 May;34(5):938-51. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.011. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a solid waste management scheme requires an accurate analysis and integration of several determining features. In addition to the technical aspects, any such system shows a complex interaction of actors with varying stakes, decision-making power and influence, as well as a favourable or disabling environment. When capitalizing on the knowledge and experience from a specific case, it is also crucial that experts do not "forget" or underestimate the importance of such social determinants and that they are familiar with the methods and tools to assess them. Social network analysis (SNA) and stakeholder analysis (SA) methods can be successfully applied to better understand actors' role and actions, analyse driving forces and existing coordination among stakeholders, as well as identify bottlenecks in communication which affect daily operations or strategic planning for the future way forward. SNA and SA, appropriately adjusted for a certain system, can provide a useful integration to methods by assessing other aspects to ensure a comprehensive picture of the situation. This paper describes how to integrate SNA and SA in order to survey a solid waste management system. This paper presents the results of an analysis of On-Nuch infectious waste incinerator in Bangkok, Thailand. Stakeholders were interviewed and asked to prioritize characteristics and relationships which they consider particularly important for system development and success of the scheme. In such a way, a large quantity of information about organization, communication between stakeholders and their perception about operation, environmental and health impact, and potential alternatives for the system was collected in a systematic way. The survey results suggest that stakeholders are generally satisfied with the system operation, though communication should be improved. Moreover, stakeholders should be strategically more involved in system development planning, according to their characteristics, to prevent negative reactions.
评估固体废物管理方案的优缺点需要对几个决定性特征进行准确分析和整合。除了技术方面，任何此类系统都显示出利益相关者之间复杂的相互作用，这些利益相关者有着不同的利害关系、决策权和影响力，以及有利或不利的环境。在利用特定案例的知识和经验时，专家们不“忘记”或低估此类社会决定因素的重要性，并熟悉评估这些因素的方法和工具也至关重要。社会网络分析（SNA）和利益相关者分析（SA）方法可以成功应用，以更好地理解参与者的角色和行动，分析驱动力和利益相关者之间现有的协调情况，以及识别影响日常运营或未来前进战略规划的沟通瓶颈。针对特定系统进行适当调整的SNA和SA，可以通过评估其他方面来为方法提供有益的整合，以确保全面了解情况。本文描述了如何整合SNA和SA来调查固体废物管理系统。本文展示了对泰国曼谷On-Nuch传染性废物焚烧炉的分析结果。对利益相关者进行了访谈，并要求他们对他们认为对系统发展和方案成功特别重要的特征和关系进行排序。通过这种方式，系统地收集了大量关于组织、利益相关者之间的沟通以及他们对运营、环境和健康影响的看法，以及系统的潜在替代方案的信息。调查结果表明，利益相关者总体上对系统运行感到满意，不过沟通仍需改进。此外，应根据利益相关者的特点，在战略上让他们更多地参与系统发展规划，以防止出现负面反应。
