Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (Sandec), Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Waste Manag. 2012 Nov;32(11):2126-33. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Feb 12.
According to most experts, integrated and sustainable solid waste management should not only be given top priority, but must go beyond technical aspects to include various key elements of sustainability to ensure success of any solid waste project. Aside from project sustainable impacts, the overall enabling environment is the key feature determining performance and success of an integrated and affordable solid waste system. This paper describes a project-specific approach to assess typical success or failure factors. A questionnaire-based assessment method covers issues of: (i) social mobilisation and acceptance (social element), (ii) stakeholder, legal and institutional arrangements comprising roles, responsibilities and management functions (institutional element); (iii) financial and operational requirements, as well as cost recovery mechanisms (economic element). The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Bali, Indonesia was analysed using this integrated assessment method. The results clearly identified chief characteristics, key factors to consider when planning country wide replication but also major barriers and obstacles which must be overcome to ensure project sustainability. The Gianyar project consists of a composting unit processing 60 tons of municipal waste per day from 500,000 inhabitants, including manual waste segregation and subsequent composting of the biodegradable organic fraction.
根据大多数专家的意见，综合和可持续的固体废物管理不仅应被置于最优先的地位，而且必须超越技术层面，纳入可持续性的各个关键要素，以确保任何固体废物项目的成功。除了项目的可持续影响外，整体有利环境是决定综合和负担得起的固体废物系统的绩效和成功的关键特征。本文介绍了一种针对具体项目的方法，用于评估典型的成败因素。基于问卷调查的评估方法涵盖了以下问题：(i)社会动员和接受度（社会要素）；(ii)利益相关者、法律和体制安排，包括角色、责任和管理职能（体制要素）；(iii)财务和运营要求以及成本回收机制（经济要素）。该方法用于分析印度尼西亚巴厘省的吉安雅垃圾回收项目。评估结果清楚地确定了主要特征、在规划全国复制时需要考虑的关键因素，但也明确了必须克服的主要障碍和障碍，以确保项目的可持续性。吉安雅项目包括一个每天处理 60 吨城市垃圾的堆肥单位，服务于 50 万居民，包括手动垃圾分类和随后对可生物降解有机部分进行堆肥。
