Bracun Albert, Ellis Andrea D, Hall Carol
School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, NG 25 0QF, UK.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;17 Suppl 1:90-6. doi: 10.1111/vop.12158. Epub 2014 Mar 18.
Ophthalmic examination in the horse is generally limited to crude assessment of vision and screening for ocular lesions. The refractive state of equine eyes and the potential impact on vision and performance requires further investigation.
To assess the refractive state of a large, mixed-breed sample of horses and ponies in the United Kingdom (UK).
The refractive state of both eyes of 333 horses and ponies was determined by streak retinoscopy, and the effect of age, height, gender, breed and management regime on the refractive state assessed.
Emmetropia was found in 557 of 666 (83.63%) of eyes; 228/333 (68.5%) of the horses/ponies were emmetropic in both eyes. Refractive errors of greater than 1.50 D (in either direction) were found in 2.7% of the eyes tested. Ametropic eyes included hyperopia (54%) and myopia (46%). Anisometropia was found in 30.3% of horses and ponies. Breed of horse/pony was the only factor that affected refractive state (in the left eye only, P < 0.05) with Thoroughbred crosses having a tendency toward myopia and Warmbloods/Shires toward hyperopia.
The retinoscopic survey found emmetropia to be the predominant refractive state of the equine eye with no evidence of an overall trend toward myopia or hyperopia. However, individual and breed-related differences were found. Such factors should be considered in the selection of horses for sport and leisure, and when evaluating their performance potential. More comprehensive visual testing would be valuable in identifying underlying causes of behavioral problems.
马的眼科检查通常仅限于对视力进行粗略评估以及筛查眼部病变。马眼的屈光状态以及对视力和性能的潜在影响需要进一步研究。
评估英国一个大型混血马和矮种马样本的屈光状态。
通过带状检影法测定333匹马和矮种马双眼的屈光状态，并评估年龄、身高、性别、品种和管理方式对屈光状态的影响。
666只眼中有557只（83.63%）为正视眼；228/333（68.5%）的马/矮种马双眼正视。在检测的眼中，有2.7%的眼屈光不正超过1.50 D（任何方向）。屈光不正的眼包括远视（54%）和近视（46%）。30.3%的马和矮种马存在屈光参差。马/矮种马的品种是唯一影响屈光状态的因素（仅左眼，P < 0.05），纯种杂交马有近视倾向，温血马/夏尔马有远视倾向。
检影调查发现正视是马眼的主要屈光状态，没有证据表明有整体的近视或远视趋势。然而，发现了个体和品种相关的差异。在选择用于运动和休闲的马匹以及评估其性能潜力时，应考虑这些因素。更全面的视力测试对于确定行为问题的潜在原因将是有价值的。
