Brody Barbara L, Roch-Levecq Anne-Catherine, Klonoff-Cohen Hillary S, Brown Stuart I
Department of Ophthalmology (SIB), Division of Community Ophthalmology (A-CR-L & BLB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0946, USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1080/01658100701486822.
To estimate the overall prevalence of refractive errors in a study population of low-income preschoolers in San Diego County.
The study sample included 507 preschool children selected from a study population of all 3-5 year-old children in Head Start and San Diego Unified School District preschools (74% Latino). The sample was examined by optometrists in the mobile clinic of the University of California, San Diego, Department of Ophthalmology with retinoscopy under cycloplegia to assess the presence of refractive errors defined as myopia >or=2D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=1D in > 4 year-olds; hyperopia >or=4D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=3D in > 4 year-olds; and astigmatism >or=1.75D in 3-4 year-olds and >or=1.5D in > 4 year-olds. Anisometropia was defined as >or=1.25D difference between the eyes. Emmetropia was defined as refractive errors below these levels.
A total of 16% (n = 81 children) (95% confidence interval: 15.4-16.5) met study definitions of refractive errors in at least one eye. Myopia was found in 3%, (OD Mean Sphere = 2.4D); hyperopia in 7.5% (OD Mean Sphere = 3.8D); astigmatism in 5.5% (OD Mean Cylinder = 2.3D); and 84% were emmetropic (OD Mean Sphere = 1.3D).
Hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors in this sample of low-income preschoolers, most of whom were Latino.
评估圣地亚哥县低收入学龄前儿童研究人群中屈光不正的总体患病率。
研究样本包括从所有参加“启智计划”以及圣地亚哥联合学区幼儿园的3至5岁儿童研究人群中选取的507名学龄前儿童（74%为拉丁裔）。样本由加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校眼科流动诊所的验光师进行检查，在睫状肌麻痹下用检影法评估屈光不正情况，屈光不正定义为3至4岁儿童近视≥2D，4岁以上儿童近视≥1D；3至4岁儿童远视≥4D，4岁以上儿童远视≥3D；3至4岁儿童散光≥1.75D，4岁以上儿童散光≥1.5D。屈光参差定义为双眼之间相差≥1.25D。正视定义为低于这些水平的屈光不正。
共有16%（n = 81名儿童）（95%置信区间：15.4 - 16.5）至少一只眼睛符合屈光不正的研究定义。近视患病率为3%（右眼平均球镜 = 2.4D）；远视患病率为7.5%（右眼平均球镜 = 3.8D）；散光患病率为5.5%（右眼平均柱镜 = 2.3D）；84%为正视（右眼平均球镜 = 1.3D）。
在这个以拉丁裔为主的低收入学龄前儿童样本中，远视和散光是最常见的屈光不正类型。
