Kubai Melissa A, Bentley Ellison, Miller Paul E, Mutti Donald O, Murphy Christopher J
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2008 Jul;69(7):946-51. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.69.7.946.
To assess the refractive state of eyes in various breeds of dogs to identify breeds susceptible to ametropias.
1,440 dogs representing 90 breeds.
In each dog, 1 drop of 1% cyclopentolate or 1% tropicamide was applied to each eye, and a Canine Eye Registration Foundation examination was performed. Approximately 30 minutes after drops were administered, the refractive state of each eye was assessed via streak retinoscopy. Dogs were considered ametropic (myopic or hyperopic) when the mean refractive state (the resting focus of the eye at rest relative to visual infinity) exceeded +/- 0.5 diopter (D). Anisometropia was diagnosed when the refractive error of each eye in a pair differed by > 1 D.
Mean +/- SD refractive state of all eyes examined was -0.05 +/- 1.36 D (emmetropia). Breeds in which the mean refractive state was myopic (< or = -0.5 D) included Rottweiler, Collie, Miniature Schnauzer, and Toy Poodle. Degree of myopia increased with increasing age across all breeds. Breeds in which the mean refractive state was hyperopic (> or = +0.5 D) included Australian Shepherd, Alaskan Malamute, and Bouvier des Flandres. Astigmatism was detected in 1% (14/1,440) of adult (> or = 1 year of age) dogs; prevalence of astigmatism among German Shepherd Dogs was 3.3% (3/90). Anisometropia was detected in 6% (87/1,440) of all dogs and in 8.9% (8/90) of German Shepherd Dogs.
Refractive states of canine eyes varied widely and were influenced by breed and age. In dogs expected to have high visual function (eg, performance dogs), determination of refractive state is recommended prior to intensive training.
评估不同品种犬的眼屈光状态，以确定易患屈光不正的品种。
代表90个品种的1440只犬。
给每只犬的每只眼滴入1滴1%的环喷托酯或1%的托吡卡胺，并进行犬眼注册基金会检查。滴药后约30分钟，通过带状检影法评估每只眼的屈光状态。当平均屈光状态（眼睛在静止时相对于视觉无限远的静止焦点）超过±0.5屈光度（D）时，犬被认为患有屈光不正（近视或远视）。当一对眼中每只眼的屈光不正相差>1 D时，诊断为屈光参差。
所有检查眼的平均±标准差屈光状态为-0.05±1.36 D（正视）。平均屈光状态为近视（≤-0.5 D）的品种包括罗威纳犬、柯利牧羊犬、迷你雪纳瑞犬和玩具贵宾犬。所有品种的近视程度均随年龄增长而增加。平均屈光状态为远视（≥+0.5 D）的品种包括澳大利亚牧羊犬、阿拉斯加马拉穆特犬和比利时牧羊犬。在1%（14/1440）的成年（≥1岁）犬中检测到散光；德国牧羊犬的散光患病率为3.3%（3/90）。在所有犬中，6%（87/1440）检测到屈光参差，在德国牧羊犬中，8.9%（8/90）检测到屈光参差。
犬眼的屈光状态差异很大，受品种和年龄影响。对于预期具有高视觉功能的犬（如工作犬），建议在强化训练前确定屈光状态。
