Guisasola Laura, Tresserras Ricard, Rius Anna, Purtí Elisabeth
*MPH †MD UNESCO Chair Visual Health and Development, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain (LG, AR); Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, General Direction for Health Planning and Research, Barcelona, Spain (RT); and Directorate of Health, Asepeyo Prevention Society, Barcelona, Spain (EP).
Optom Vis Sci. 2014 Apr;91(4):464-71. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000222.
To determine whether types of optical correction for refractive error are associated with sex, social class, and occupational group in the working population.
A cross-sectional study was carried out among employees in Catalonia (Spain) aged 16 to 65 years who underwent the Asepeyo Prevention Society health examination in 2009 (86,831 participants: 59,397 men and 27,421 women). The type and purpose of refractive correction used were self-reported, as were sociodemographic variables; visual acuity with habitual correction was also measured. We performed descriptive and logistic regression analyses to evaluate the prevalence and type of correction used for refractive error as a function of age, sex, social class, and occupational group.
Forty-six percent (95% confidence interval [CI] = 45.6 to 46.3) of individuals in this sample were users of optical correction for refractive error. Use of optical correction was more common among women than among men (54.8 and 41.9%, respectively) and especially among women aged 55 to 64 years (91.8%). Nonmanual (class I) workers were three times more likely to use optical correction than manual (class V) workers (odds ratio = 3.02; 95% CI = 2.82 to 3.24). Individuals in technical, administrative, or intellectual occupations were more likely to wear optical correction than unskilled professionals.
The use of visual correction is more prevalent among women than among men, especially in older individuals. The use of optical correction is more common among more advantaged social groups and is associated with particular occupations.
确定屈光不正的光学矫正类型是否与工作人群的性别、社会阶层和职业群体有关。
对2009年在西班牙加泰罗尼亚接受阿塞佩约预防协会健康检查的16至65岁员工进行了一项横断面研究（86,831名参与者：59,397名男性和27,421名女性）。屈光矫正的类型和目的以及社会人口统计学变量均为自我报告；同时测量了习惯矫正下的视力。我们进行了描述性和逻辑回归分析，以评估屈光不正矫正的患病率和类型与年龄、性别、社会阶层和职业群体的关系。
该样本中46%（95%置信区间[CI]=45.6至46.3）的个体使用屈光不正的光学矫正。女性使用光学矫正比男性更常见（分别为54.8%和41.9%），尤其是55至64岁的女性（91.8%）。非体力劳动者（I类）使用光学矫正的可能性是体力劳动者（V类）的三倍（优势比=3.02；95%CI=2.82至3.24）。技术、行政或智力职业的个体比非熟练职业者更有可能佩戴光学矫正。
视力矫正的使用在女性中比在男性中更普遍，尤其是在老年人中。光学矫正的使用在更具优势的社会群体中更常见，并且与特定职业有关。
