Cekinovic Djurdjica, Lisnic Vanda Juranic, Jonjic Stipan
Department for Histology and Embryology, Center for Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1119:289-310. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-788-4_16.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading viral cause of congenital infections in the central nervous system (CNS) and may result in severe long-term sequelae. High rates of sequelae following congenital HCMV infection and insufficient antiviral therapy in the perinatal period make the development of an HCMV-specific vaccine a high priority of modern medicine. Due to species specificity of HCMV, animal models are frequently used to study CMV pathogenesis. Studies of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections of adult mice have served a major role as a model of CMV biology and pathogenesis, while MCMV infection of newborn mice has been successfully used as a model of perinatal CMV infection. Newborn mice infected with MCMV have high levels of viremia during which the virus establishes productive infection in most organs, coupled with a strong inflammatory response. Productive infection in the brain parenchyma during early postnatal period leads to an extensive non-necrotizing multifocal widespread encephalitis characterized by infiltration of components of both innate and adaptive immunity. As a result, impairment in postnatal development of mouse cerebellum leads to long-term motor and sensor disabilities. This chapter summarizes current findings of rodent models of perinatal CMV infection and describes methods for analysis of perinatal MCMV infection in newborn mice.
人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是中枢神经系统（CNS）先天性感染的主要病毒病因，可能导致严重的长期后遗症。先天性HCMV感染后的后遗症发生率高，且围产期抗病毒治疗不足，使得开发HCMV特异性疫苗成为现代医学的当务之急。由于HCMV的物种特异性，动物模型常被用于研究CMV发病机制。成年小鼠的鼠巨细胞病毒（MCMV）感染研究在CMV生物学和发病机制模型中发挥了重要作用，而新生小鼠的MCMV感染已成功用作围产期CMV感染的模型。感染MCMV的新生小鼠病毒血症水平高，在此期间病毒在大多数器官中建立增殖性感染，并伴有强烈的炎症反应。出生后早期脑实质中的增殖性感染会导致广泛的非坏死性多灶性弥漫性脑炎，其特征是先天性和适应性免疫成分浸润。结果，小鼠小脑出生后发育受损会导致长期的运动和感觉障碍。本章总结了围产期CMV感染啮齿动物模型的当前研究结果，并描述了新生小鼠围产期MCMV感染的分析方法。
