Shan Xiaoyi, Chen Fangfang, Wang Wenpeng, Zhao Juan, Teng Yue, Wu Minghui, Teng Honghong, Zhang Xue, Qi Hong, Liu Xiaohong, Tan Chunying, Mi Jie
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014 Mar 18;14:105. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-105.
Information tracking changes of birthweight is scarce in China. To examine trends of low birthweight (birthweight < 2500 g) and macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4000 g) and potential risk factors in Beijing, hospital records from two major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in urban districts in Beijing were analyzed.
Hospital records from 1996 to 2010 were retrieved. Information of prenatal examination and birth outcomes was entered into a structured database. Live births were used for trend analysis. Information of live births in 2010 was used to identify potential risk factors.
A total of 63 661 live births were delivered during 1996-2010 in the study hospitals. The average birthweight increased from 3271 g in 1996 to 3 359 g in 2000 and slightly declined to 3 331 in 2010. The percentage of low birthweight fluctuated around 4.0%. No significant increase or decrease was observed. Preterm birth was the main cause of low birthweight, accounting for more than 73% of low birthweight. The average percentage of macrosomia was 7.6%. The percentages of macrosomia increased from 6.6% in 1996 to 9.5% in 2000 and declined to 7.0% in 2010. Excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes were significantly associated with macrosomia.
Continuously monitoring abnormal birthweight is needed and intervention should focus on appropriate gestational weight gain and reduction of preterm birth and gestational diabetes.
中国关于出生体重变化的信息追踪较为匮乏。为研究北京低出生体重（出生体重<2500克）和巨大儿（出生体重≥4000克）的趋势及潜在风险因素，对北京城区两家大型妇产科医院的住院记录进行了分析。
检索1996年至2010年的医院记录。将产前检查和出生结局信息录入结构化数据库。活产儿用于趋势分析。2010年活产儿信息用于识别潜在风险因素。
1996年至2010年期间，研究医院共分娩63661例活产儿。平均出生体重从1996年的3271克增至2000年的3359克，并在2010年略有下降至3331克。低出生体重百分比在4.0%左右波动，未观察到显著增减。早产是低出生体重的主要原因，占低出生体重的73%以上。巨大儿平均百分比为7.6%。巨大儿百分比从1996年的6.6%增至2000年的9.5%，并在2010年降至7.0%。孕期体重过度增加和妊娠期糖尿病与巨大儿显著相关。
需要持续监测异常出生体重，干预应聚焦于适当的孕期体重增加以及降低早产率和妊娠期糖尿病发生率。
