Nyitray Alan G, Iannacone Michelle R
Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Tex., USA.
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2014;45:75-91. doi: 10.1159/000358370. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Epidemiological studies indicate that most men and women will acquire a sexually transmitted anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in their lifetimes. In addition, infection with cutaneous HPV types is essentially ubiquitous. Most HPV infections are transient with no clinical symptoms although a minority of infections result in clinical disease such as warts or malignancies. Anogenital warts are the most common clinical manifestation of HPV infection with a prevalence of perhaps 1%. Virtually 100% of cervical cancers, 90-93% of anal canal cancers, 12-63% of oropharyngeal cancers, 36-40% of penile cancers, 40-64% of vaginal cancers and 40-51% of vulvar cancers are attributable to HPV infection. Of the estimated 12.7 million cancers occurring globally in 2008, 610,000 (approx. 5%) were HPV-associated anogenital or oral cancers. Cutaneous HPV types may increase the risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers. Sexual behavior is a primary risk factor associated with anogenital and oral HPV infection among men and women.
流行病学研究表明，大多数男性和女性在其一生中会感染性传播的肛门生殖器人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。此外，皮肤型HPV感染实际上无处不在。大多数HPV感染是短暂的，没有临床症状，尽管少数感染会导致临床疾病，如疣或恶性肿瘤。肛门生殖器疣是HPV感染最常见的临床表现，患病率约为1%。几乎100%的宫颈癌、90 - 93%的肛管癌、12 - 63%的口咽癌、36 - 40%的阴茎癌、40 - 64%的阴道癌和40 - 51%的外阴癌都归因于HPV感染。在2008年全球估计发生的1270万例癌症中，61万例（约5%）是与HPV相关的肛门生殖器或口腔癌。皮肤型HPV可能会增加非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险。性行为是男性和女性中与肛门生殖器和口腔HPV感染相关的主要危险因素。
