Senzaki Sawa, Masuda Takahiko, Ishii Keiko
Human Development, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.
Cogn Sci. 2014 Sep-Oct;38(7):1493-506. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12118. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Previous findings in cultural psychology indicated that East Asians are more likely than North Americans to be attentive to contextual information (e.g., Nisbett & Masuda, ). However, to what extent and in which conditions culture influences patterns of attention has not been fully examined. As a result, universal patterns of attention may be obscured, and culturally unique patterns may be wrongly assumed to be constant across situations. By carrying out two cross-cultural studies, we demonstrated that (a) both European Canadians and Japanese attended to moving objects similarly when the task was to simply observe the visual information; however, (b) there were cultural variations in patterns of attention when participants actively engaged in the task by constructing narratives of their observation (narrative construction). These findings suggest that cultural effects are most pronounced in narrative construction conditions, where the need to act in accordance with a culturally shared meaning system is elicited.
文化心理学先前的研究结果表明，东亚人比北美人更有可能关注情境信息（例如，尼斯比特和增田， ）。然而，文化在何种程度以及在哪些条件下会影响注意力模式尚未得到充分研究。因此，普遍的注意力模式可能会被掩盖，而具有文化独特性的模式可能会被错误地假定在各种情况下都是不变的。通过进行两项跨文化研究，我们证明：（a）当任务只是简单地观察视觉信息时，加拿大欧洲裔和日本人对移动物体的关注方式相似；然而，（b）当参与者通过构建观察的叙述（叙述构建）积极参与任务时，注意力模式存在文化差异。这些发现表明，文化效应在叙述构建条件下最为明显，因为在这种情况下会引发根据文化共享意义系统采取行动的需求。
