Čeněk Jiří, Tsai Jie-Li, Šašinka Čeněk
Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Eye-Movements and Reading, Centre for the Mind, Brain and Learning, Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 16;15(11):e0242501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242501. eCollection 2020.
Previous research on cross-cultural differences in visual attention has been inconclusive. Some studies have suggested the existence of systematic differences in global and local attention and context sensitivity, while others have produced negative or mixed results. The objective in this study was to examine the similarities and differences in holistic and analytic cognitive styles in a sample of Czech and Taiwanese university students. Two cognitive tasks were conducted: a Compound Figures Test and a free-viewing scene perception task which manipulated several focal objects and measured eye-movement patterns. An analysis of the reaction times in the Compound Figures Test showed no clear differences between either sample. An analysis of eye-movement metrics showed certain differences between the samples. While Czechs tended to focus relatively more on the focal objects measured by the number of fixations, the Taiwanese subjects spent more time fixating on the background. The results were consistent for scenes with one or two focal objects. The results of a correlation analysis of both tasks showed that they were unrelated. These results showed certain differences between the samples in visual perception but were not as systematic as the theory of holistic and analytic cognitive styles would suggest. An alternative model of cross-cultural differences in cognition and perception is discussed.
以往关于视觉注意力跨文化差异的研究尚无定论。一些研究表明，在全局和局部注意力以及情境敏感性方面存在系统性差异，而另一些研究则得出了否定或混合的结果。本研究的目的是考察捷克和台湾大学生样本中整体和分析认知风格的异同。进行了两项认知任务：复合图形测试和自由观看场景感知任务，该任务操纵了几个焦点物体并测量了眼动模式。对复合图形测试中的反应时间进行分析，结果显示两个样本之间没有明显差异。对眼动指标的分析显示样本之间存在某些差异。捷克人倾向于相对更多地关注通过注视次数衡量的焦点物体，而台湾受试者则花更多时间注视背景。对于有一个或两个焦点物体的场景，结果是一致的。对两项任务的相关分析结果表明它们没有关联。这些结果显示了样本在视觉感知方面存在某些差异，但并不像整体和分析认知风格理论所暗示的那样具有系统性。本文讨论了认知和感知方面跨文化差异的另一种模型。
