Hishikawa Daisuke, Hashidate Tomomi, Shimizu Takao, Shindou Hideo
Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
J Lipid Res. 2014 May;55(5):799-807. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R046094. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Cellular membranes are composed of numerous kinds of glycerophospholipids with different combinations of polar heads at the sn-3 position and acyl moieties at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. The glycerophospholipid compositions of different cell types, organelles, and inner/outer plasma membrane leaflets are quite diverse. The acyl moieties of glycerophospholipids synthesized in the de novo pathway are subsequently remodeled by the action of phospholipases and lysophospholipid acyltransferases. This remodeling cycle contributes to the generation of membrane glycerophospholipid diversity and the production of lipid mediators such as fatty acid derivatives and lysophospholipids. Furthermore, specific glycerophospholipid transporters are also important to organize a unique glycerophospholipid composition in each organelle. Recent progress in this field contributes to understanding how and why membrane glycerophospholipid diversity is organized and maintained.
细胞膜由多种甘油磷脂组成，它们在sn - 3位具有不同组合的极性头部，在sn - 1和sn - 2位分别具有酰基部分。不同细胞类型、细胞器以及质膜内/外小叶的甘油磷脂组成差异很大。从头合成途径中合成的甘油磷脂的酰基部分随后通过磷脂酶和溶血磷脂酰基转移酶的作用进行重塑。这种重塑循环有助于产生膜甘油磷脂多样性以及脂质介质如脂肪酸衍生物和溶血磷脂的产生。此外，特定的甘油磷脂转运蛋白对于在每个细胞器中组织独特的甘油磷脂组成也很重要。该领域的最新进展有助于理解膜甘油磷脂多样性是如何以及为何被组织和维持的。
