Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2014 Jun;22(6):309-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Mar 16.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an advanced model organism that has emerged as an effective host to gain insights into the intricate interactions of viruses with host cells. RNA viruses have limited coding potential and need to coopt numerous host cellular factors to facilitate their replication. To identify the host factors subverted by viruses, high-throughput genomics and global proteomics approaches have been performed with plant viruses such as brome mosaic virus (BMV) and tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). Accordingly, several hundred susceptibility and restriction factors for BMV and TBSV have been identified using yeast as a model host. Amazingly, host factors affecting viral genetic recombination and evolution have also been identified in genome-wide screens in yeast. The roles of many yeast host factors involved in various steps of the viral replication process have been validated by exploiting the orthologous genes in plant hosts. This Opinion summarizes the advantages of using simple viruses and yeast model host to advance our general understanding of virus-host interactions. The knowledge gained on host factors could lead to novel specific or broad-range resistance and antiviral tools against viruses.
酿酒酵母是一种先进的模式生物，已成为深入了解病毒与宿主细胞复杂相互作用的有效宿主。RNA 病毒的编码能力有限，需要利用大量宿主细胞因子来促进其复制。为了鉴定被病毒劫持的宿主因子，已经使用植物病毒（如 Bromo mosaic virus (BMV) 和 Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV)）进行了高通量基因组学和全局蛋白质组学研究。因此，使用酵母作为模型宿主，已经鉴定了数百种对 BMV 和 TBSV 的易感性和限制因子。令人惊讶的是，在酵母的全基因组筛选中，还发现了影响病毒遗传重组和进化的宿主因子。许多参与病毒复制过程各个步骤的酵母宿主因子的作用已经通过利用植物宿主中的同源基因得到了验证。本观点总结了使用简单病毒和酵母模型宿主来推进我们对病毒-宿主相互作用的一般理解的优势。对宿主因子的了解可能会导致针对病毒的新型特异性或广谱抗性和抗病毒工具。
