Nortvedt Finn, Engelsrud Gunn
Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Nursing, Oslo University College of Applied Sciences, Pb. 4 St. Olavs Plass., 0130, Oslo, Norway,
Med Health Care Philos. 2014 Nov;17(4):599-608. doi: 10.1007/s11019-014-9555-z.
This article explores the phenomenon of "phantom pain." The analysis is based on personal experiences elicited from individuals who have lost a limb or live with a paralyzed body part. Our study reveals that the ways in which these individuals express their pain experience is an integral aspect of that experience. The material consists of interviews undertaken with men who are living with phantom pain resulting from a traumatic injury. The phenomenological analysis is inspired by Zahavi (J Conscious Stud 8(5-7):151-167, 2001) and Merleau-Ponty (Phenomenology of perception. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1962/2000). On a descriptive level the metaphors these patients invoke to describe their condition reveal immense suffering, such as a feeling of being invaded by insects or of their skin being scorched and stripped from their body. Such metaphors express a dimension of experience concerning the self that is in pain and others whom the sufferer relates to through this pain, as well as the agony that this pain inflicts in the world of lived experience. This pain has had a profound impact on their lives and altered their relationship with self (body), others and the world. Their phantom pain has become a reminder of their formerly intact and functioning body; they describe the contrast between their past and present body as an ambiguous and disturbing experience. We conclude that these sensitive and personalized experiences of phantom pain illuminates how acts of expression--spoken pain--constitute a fundamental dimension of a first-person perspective which contribute to the field of knowledge about "phantom pain".
本文探讨了“幻肢痛”现象。分析基于从肢体缺失者或身体部分瘫痪者身上获取的个人经历。我们的研究表明，这些个体表达疼痛经历的方式是该经历不可或缺的一部分。材料包括对因创伤性损伤而患有幻肢痛的男性进行的访谈。现象学分析受到扎哈维（《意识研究杂志》8(5 - 7):151 - 167, 2001年）和梅洛 - 庞蒂（《知觉现象学》。劳特利奇和基根·保罗出版社，伦敦，1962/2000年）的启发。在描述层面上，这些患者用来描述自身状况的隐喻揭示了巨大的痛苦，比如感觉被昆虫侵袭，或者皮肤被烧焦并从身体上剥离。这些隐喻表达了关于处于疼痛中的自我以及患者通过这种疼痛与之相关的他人的一种体验维度，以及这种疼痛在现实生活世界中所带来的痛苦。这种疼痛对他们的生活产生了深远影响，并改变了他们与自我（身体）、他人及世界的关系。他们的幻肢痛成为了他们曾经完整且功能正常的身体的一种提醒；他们将过去与现在身体的差异描述为一种模糊且令人不安的体验。我们得出结论，这些关于幻肢痛的敏感且个性化的经历阐明了表达行为——诉说疼痛——如何构成第一人称视角的一个基本维度，这有助于拓展关于“幻肢痛”的知识领域。
