Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie , CEA/DSV/iRCM, 91297 Arpajon.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2014 Nov;90(11):1019-24. doi: 10.3109/09553002.2014.905723. Epub 2014 May 12.
Americium-241 ((241)Am) presents a potential risk for nuclear industry workers associated with reactor decommissioning and aging combustible materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate Am renal retention after actinide contamination by wounding in the rat.
Anesthetized rats were contaminated with Mixed Oxide (MOX) (7.1% Plutonium [Pu] by mass and containing 27% Am as % total alpha activity), Pu or Am nitrate following an incision wound of the hind leg. Times of euthanasia ranged from 2 hours to 5 months after contamination. Pu and Am levels were quantified following radiochemistry and alpha-spectrophotometry.
Initial data show that over the experimental period the proportion of Am in kidneys as a fraction of total kidney alpha activity was elevated as compared to MOX powder indicating a specific retention in this organ. The percentage of Pu was similar to the powder. After MOX contamination, kidney to liver ratios appeared to increase more markedly for Am (from 0.2 at 7 days to 0.6 at 90 days) as compared with Pu (0.1 at 7 days to 0.2 at 90 days). In accordance with tissue actinide retention the dose from Am to the kidney increases with time. For comparison, the ratio of estimated equivalent doses due to Am to kidney is 1.5-fold greater than for Pu (around 90 versus 60 mSv).
After actinide contamination of wounds, Am is concentrated in the kidneys as compared to Pu leading to potential exposure of renal tissue to both alpha particles and gamma radiation.
镅-241((241)Am) 对与反应堆退役和老化可燃材料相关的核工业工人构成潜在风险。本研究的目的是研究大鼠创伤后锕系元素污染时的 Am 肾潴留。
麻醉大鼠通过后腿切口污染混合氧化物（MOX）（质量 7.1%的钚[Pu]，含 27%的 Am 作为总α活度的%）、Pu 或 Am 硝酸盐。污染后安乐死时间从 2 小时到 5 个月不等。污染后，通过放射化学和α分光光度法定量 Pu 和 Am 水平。
初步数据表明，在实验期间，与 MOX 粉末相比，肾脏中 Am 占肾脏总α活度的比例升高，表明该器官中存在特定的保留。Pu 的比例与粉末相似。MOX 污染后，与 Pu（7 天为 0.1，90 天为 0.2）相比，Am 的肾肝比似乎增加更为明显（7 天为 0.2，90 天为 0.6）。与组织锕系元素保留一致，Am 对肾脏的剂量随时间增加。相比之下，由于 Am 对肾脏的估计当量剂量比 Pu 高 1.5 倍（约 90 比 60 mSv）。
与 Pu 相比，创伤后锕系元素污染时，Am 在肾脏中浓缩，导致肾组织同时受到α粒子和γ辐射的潜在暴露。
