Elseviers Monique M, Arias-Guillén Marta, Gorke Alois, Arens Hans-Jürgen
Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
J Ren Care. 2014 Sep;40(3):150-6. doi: 10.1111/jorc.12050. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
Sharps injuries and the related risk of infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent one of the major occupational health risks for healthcare workers (HCWs).
An overview of available data on the incidence of sharps injuries and the related HBV, HCV and HIV infections and ensuing costs is provided.
Literature reported incidence rates of sharps injuries ranging from 1.4 to 9.5 per 100 HCWs, resulting in a weighted mean of 3.7/100 HCWs per year. Sharps injuries were associated with infective disease transmissions from patients to HCWs resulting in 0.42 HBV infections, 0.05-1.30 HCV infections and 0.04-0.32 HIV infections per 100 sharps injuries per year. The related societal costs had a mean of €272, amounting to a mean of €1,966 if the source patient was HIV positive with HBV and HCV co-infections.
Sharps injuries remain a frequent threat amongst HCWs. The follow-up and treatment of sharps injuries and the deriving consequences represent a significant cost factor.
锐器伤以及诸如乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）等相关感染风险是医护人员面临的主要职业健康风险之一。
提供了关于锐器伤发生率以及相关HBV、HCV和HIV感染及后续成本的现有数据概述。
文献报道的锐器伤发生率为每100名医护人员1.4至9.5起，每年加权平均为每100名医护人员3.7起。锐器伤与患者向医护人员的感染性疾病传播相关，每年每100起锐器伤导致0.42例HBV感染、0.05 - 1.30例HCV感染和0.04 - 0.32例HIV感染。相关社会成本平均为272欧元，如果源患者为HIV阳性且合并HBV和HCV感染，则平均成本为1966欧元。
锐器伤仍是医护人员经常面临的威胁。锐器伤的后续跟进和治疗及其产生的后果是一个重要的成本因素。
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