Iglesia Iris, Mouratidou Theodora, González-Gross Marcela, Novakovic Romana, Breidenassel Christina, Jiménez-Pavón David, Huybrechts Inge, De Henauw Stefaan, Geelen Anouk, Gottrand Frédéric, Kafatos Anthony, Mistura Lorenza, de Heredia Fátima Pérez, Widhalm Kurt, Manios Yanis, Molnar Denes, Stehle Peter, Gurinovic Mirjana, Cavelaars Adrienne E J M, Van't Veer Pieter, Moreno Luis A
GENUD: "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Nutr Res. 2014 Mar;34(3):199-209. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
Because socioeconomic factors (SEFs) may influence dietary quality and vitamin intakes, this study aimed to examine associations between socioeconomic factors and folate and vitamin B12 intakes as well as their related biomarkers in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study. Vitamin intakes were obtained from two 24-hour recalls in 2253 participants (47% males). Vitamin B biomarkers were assessed in a subsample of 977 participants (46% males). Socioeconomic factors were assessed by questionnaire, and 1-way analysis of covariance and linear regression analysis were applied. For males and females, mean intakes of folate were 211.19 and 177.18 μg/d, and for vitamin B12, 5.98 and 4.54 μg/d, respectively. Levels of plasma folate, red blood cell folate, serum B12, and holotranscobalamin were 18.74, 807.19, 330.64, and 63.04 nmol/L in males, respectively, and 19.13, 770.16, 377.9, and 65.63 nmol/L in females, respectively. Lower folate intakes were associated with several SEFs, including maternal and paternal education in both sexes. Regarding folate biomarkers, lower plasma folate intakes were associated with single/shared care in males and with lower paternal occupation in females. Lower vitamin B12 intakes were associated with almost all the studied SEFs, except paternal occupation in both sexes. In females, when considering vitamin B12 biomarkers, lower plasma vitamin B12 was associated with lower maternal education and occupation, and lower holotranscobalamin was associated with lower maternal education and lower paternal occupation. In conclusion, from the set of socioeconomic determinants studied in a sample of European adolescents, maternal education and paternal occupation were more consistently associated with folate and vitamin B12 intakes and biomarkers concentrations.
由于社会经济因素（SEFs）可能会影响饮食质量和维生素摄入量，本研究旨在通过欧洲青少年营养健康生活方式研究，探讨社会经济因素与叶酸和维生素B12摄入量及其相关生物标志物之间的关联。通过对2253名参与者（47%为男性）进行两次24小时饮食回顾来获取维生素摄入量。对977名参与者（46%为男性）的子样本进行维生素B生物标志物评估。通过问卷调查评估社会经济因素，并应用单因素协方差分析和线性回归分析。男性和女性的叶酸平均摄入量分别为211.19和177.18μg/天，维生素B12的平均摄入量分别为5.98和4.54μg/天。男性的血浆叶酸、红细胞叶酸、血清B12和全转钴胺素水平分别为18.74、807.19、330.64和63.04nmol/L，女性分别为19.13、770.16、377.9和65.63nmol/L。较低的叶酸摄入量与多种社会经济因素相关，包括男女双方的父母教育程度。关于叶酸生物标志物，较低的血浆叶酸摄入量与男性的单亲/共同监护以及女性较低的父亲职业相关。较低的维生素B12摄入量与几乎所有研究的社会经济因素相关，但不包括男女双方的父亲职业。在女性中，考虑维生素B12生物标志物时，较低的血浆维生素B12与较低的母亲教育程度和职业相关，较低的全转钴胺素与较低的母亲教育程度和较低的父亲职业相关。总之，在欧洲青少年样本中研究的一系列社会经济决定因素中，母亲教育程度和父亲职业与叶酸和维生素B12摄入量及生物标志物浓度的关联更为一致。
