Wang Junchen, Suenaga Hideyuki, Hoshi Kazuto, Yang Liangjing, Kobayashi Etsuko, Sakuma Ichiro, Liao Hongen
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Apr;61(4):1295-304. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2014.2301191.
Computer-assisted oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) has been rapidly evolving since the last decade. State-of-the-art surgical navigation in OMS still suffers from bulky tracking sensors, troublesome image registration procedures, patient movement, loss of depth perception in visual guidance, and low navigation accuracy. We present an augmented reality navigation system with automatic marker-free image registration using 3-D image overlay and stereo tracking for dental surgery. A customized stereo camera is designed to track both the patient and instrument. Image registration is performed by patient tracking and real-time 3-D contour matching, without requiring any fiducial and reference markers. Real-time autostereoscopic 3-D imaging is implemented with the help of a consumer-level graphics processing unit. The resulting 3-D image of the patient's anatomy is overlaid on the surgical site by a half-silvered mirror using image registration and IP-camera registration to guide the surgeon by exposing hidden critical structures. The 3-D image of the surgical instrument is also overlaid over the real one for an augmented display. The 3-D images present both stereo and motion parallax from which depth perception can be obtained. Experiments were performed to evaluate various aspects of the system; the overall image overlay error of the proposed system was 0.71 mm.
自上一个十年以来，计算机辅助口腔颌面外科手术（OMS）一直在迅速发展。OMS中最先进的手术导航仍然存在跟踪传感器笨重、图像配准程序麻烦、患者移动、视觉引导中深度感知丧失以及导航精度低等问题。我们提出了一种增强现实导航系统，该系统使用3D图像叠加和立体跟踪进行自动无标记图像配准，用于牙科手术。定制的立体相机旨在跟踪患者和手术器械。图像配准通过患者跟踪和实时3D轮廓匹配来执行，无需任何基准和参考标记。借助消费级图形处理单元实现实时自动立体3D成像。通过图像配准和IP相机配准，患者解剖结构的3D图像通过半镀银镜叠加在手术部位，通过暴露隐藏的关键结构来引导外科医生。手术器械的3D图像也叠加在真实器械上以进行增强显示。3D图像呈现出立体和运动视差，从中可以获得深度感知。进行了实验以评估该系统的各个方面；所提出系统的整体图像叠加误差为0.71毫米。
