Calderón Díaz J A, Fahey A G, Boyle L A
Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.
J Anim Sci. 2014 Apr;92(4):1675-85. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6279. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
This study evaluated the influence of housing system during gestation and floor type during lactation on the welfare and lying-down behavior of lactating sows. Multiparous sows (n = 85) were housed either in individual gestation stalls (n = 42) or loose (n = 43) in a single dynamic group with 2 electronic sow feeders moved to farrowing crates on either slatted steel (n = 48) or cast iron (n = 37) flooring. Lameness (0 = normal to 5 = severely lame) was scored on transfer to the farrowing crate (-5 d). Limb and body lesions were recorded on -5 d, 24 h after entering the farrowing crate (-4 d), 10-d postpartum, and before weaning. Claw lesions were recorded on -5 d and before weaning, whereas all behavioral observations were made on -5, -4, and 10 d. Median (Me) scores were calculated for claw, body, and limb lesions and classified as either less than or equal to the Me or greater than the Me lesion scores. Sows were classified as nonlame (≤ 1) or lame (≥ 2). Loose-housed sows had an increased (P < 0.01) risk of lameness; a reduced (P < 0.05) risk for claw lesions, particularly white line damage, horizontal wall cracks, and dewclaw injuries; and a reduced (P < 0.05) risk for calluses and bursitis on the limbs compared to stall-housed sows. Sows housed on cast iron floors during lactation had a reduced (P < 0.01) risk for heel overgrowth and erosion and heel-sole cracks compared with sows on slatted steel floors. There was no (P > 0.05) association between flooring type during lactation and body lesion score. On -4 d, loose-housed sows had a shorter latency to lie down (P < 0.01), spent more time inactive (P < 0.05), and shifted weight between the limbs more often (P = 0.05) while standing compared with stall-housed sows. Lame sows had a shorter (P < 0.01) latency to lie down compared to nonlame sows on -5 and -4 d. In conclusion, there was an increased risk of lameness in sows housed loose compared to those housed in gestation stalls on transfer to the farrowing crate. Claw health deteriorated in the farrowing crate regardless of gestation housing or floor type but the deterioration in claw health was increased on slatted steel compared to on cast iron.
本研究评估了妊娠期的饲养系统及哺乳期的地面类型对哺乳母猪福利和躺卧行为的影响。经产母猪（n = 85）被饲养在个体妊娠限位栏（n = 42）中，或饲养在一个动态的大栏中（n = 43），该大栏中有2个电子母猪饲喂器，母猪分娩时被转移到安装有钢漏缝地板（n = 48）或铸铁地板（n = 37）的产仔栏中。在转移到产仔栏时（-5天）对跛足情况进行评分（0 = 正常至5 = 严重跛足）。在-5天、进入产仔栏24小时后（-4天）、产后10天以及断奶前记录肢体和身体损伤情况。在-5天和断奶前记录蹄爪损伤情况，而所有行为观察均在-5天、-4天和10天进行。计算蹄爪、身体和肢体损伤的中位数（Me）评分，并将其分类为小于或等于Me评分或大于Me评分。母猪被分类为非跛足（≤1）或跛足（≥2）。与限位栏饲养的母猪相比，大栏饲养的母猪跛足风险增加（P < 0.01）；蹄爪损伤风险降低（P < 0.05），尤其是白线损伤、水平壁裂缝和悬蹄损伤；肢体上胼胝和滑囊炎的风险降低（P < 0.05）。与钢漏缝地板上的母猪相比，哺乳期饲养在铸铁地板上的母猪足跟过度生长、糜烂以及足跟-足底裂缝的风险降低（P < 0.01）。哺乳期的地面类型与身体损伤评分之间无关联（P > 0.05）。在-4天，与限位栏饲养的母猪相比，大栏饲养的母猪躺卧潜伏期更短（P < 0.01），静止时间更长（P < 0.05），站立时肢体间重量转移更频繁（P = 0.05）。在-5天和-4天，跛足母猪的躺卧潜伏期比非跛足母猪更短（P < 0.01）。总之，与妊娠限位栏饲养的母猪相比，大栏饲养的母猪在转移到产仔栏时跛足风险增加。无论妊娠饲养方式或地面类型如何，产仔栏中蹄爪健康都会恶化，但与铸铁地板相比，钢漏缝地板上蹄爪健康的恶化程度更大。
