Esteve-Lanao Jonathan, Larumbe-Zabala Eneko, Dabab Anouar, Alcocer-Gamboa Alberto, Ahumada Facundo
Dept of Motricity and Sport Training Fundamentals, European University of Madrid, Odón, Spain.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Nov;9(6):1000-5. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0457. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
The aim of this study was to describe the pacing distribution during 6 editions of the world cross-country championships.
Data from the 768 male runners participating from 2007 to 2013 were considered for this study. Blocks of 10 participants according to final position (eg, 1st to 10th, 11 to 20th, etc) were considered.
Taking data from all editions together, the effect of years was found to be significant (F(5,266) = 3078.69, P < .001, ω² = 0.31), as well as the effect of blocks of runners by final position (F(4,266) = 957.62, P < .001, ω² = 0.08). A significant general decrease in speed by lap was also found (F(5,1330) = 2344.02, P < .001, ω² = 0.29). Post hoc analyses were conducted for every edition where several pacing patterns were found. All correlations between the lap times and the total time were significant. However, each lap might show different predicting capacity over the individual outcome.
Top athletes seem to display different strategies, which allow them to sustain an optimal speed and/or kick as needed during the critical moments and succeed. After the first group (block) of runners, subsequent blocks always displayed a positive pacing pattern (fast to slow speed). Consequently, a much more stable pacing pattern should be considered to maximize final position.
Top-10 finishers in the world cross-country championships tend to display a more even pace than the rest of the finishers, whose general behavior shows a positive (fast-to-slow) pattern.
本研究旨在描述六届世界越野锦标赛期间的配速分布情况。
本研究纳入了2007年至2013年参赛的768名男性跑步运动员的数据。根据最终名次将运动员分成每组10人的若干组（例如，第1至10名、第11至20名等）。
综合所有届次的数据，发现年份的影响具有显著性（F(5,266) = 3078.69，P <.001，ω² = 0.31），按最终名次分组的运动员组间影响也具有显著性（F(4,266) = 957.62，P <.001，ω² = 0.08）。还发现每圈速度普遍显著下降（F(5,1330) = 2344.02，P <.001，ω² = 0.29）。对发现了多种配速模式的每一届次都进行了事后分析。各圈时间与总时间之间的所有相关性均具有显著性。然而，每一圈对个体成绩的预测能力可能不同。
顶尖运动员似乎采用不同的策略，这使他们能够在关键时刻根据需要保持最佳速度和/或冲刺并取得成功。在第一组（块）运动员之后，后续组总是呈现出正向配速模式（速度由快到慢）。因此，应考虑采用更稳定的配速模式以最大化最终名次。
世界越野锦标赛排名前10的完赛者往往比其他完赛者的配速更均匀，其他完赛者的总体表现呈现出正向（由快到慢）模式。
