Astbury Nerys M, Taylor Moira A, French Stephen J, Macdonald Ian A
University of Nottingham, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, United Kingdom (NMA, MAT, and IAM), and Mars Inc, Slough, United Kingdom (SJF).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):1131-40. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075978. Epub 2014 Mar 26.
The manipulation of the composition of foods consumed as between-meal snacks may aid daily energy restriction.
We compared the effects of the consumption of 2 energy-matched snack bars on appetite, energy intake (EI), and metabolic and endocrine responses. In addition, we investigated whether the acute effects of the consumption of snacks were maintained under free-living conditions and whether the habitual daily consumption of the snack over 14 d influenced these effects.
Ten lean men [mean ± SD age: 30.7 ± 9.7 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 23.2 ± 2.8] consumed a whey protein and polydextrose (PPX) snack bar or an isoenergetic control snack bar as a midmorning, between-meal snack for 14 consecutive days in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. The two 14-d intervention phases were separated by a 14-d washout period. On the first (day 1) and last (day 15) days of each intervention phase, appetite, food intake, and blood metabolite and endocrine responses were assessed under laboratory conditions. Free-living EI was recorded on days 4, 8, and 12 of interventions.
Total daily EI was significantly lower when the PPX snack was consumed during experimental days (10,149 ± 831 compared with 11,931 ± 896 kJ; P < 0.01), and daily EI remained lower when the PPX snack was consumed during the free-living part of the intervention (7904 ± 610 compared with 9041 ± 928 kJ; P < 0.05). The PPX snack was associated with lower glucose and ghrelin and higher glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine responses.
The manipulation of the composition of foods consumed as snacks is an effective way to limit subsequent EI. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01927926.
调整餐间零食的食物成分可能有助于日常能量限制。
我们比较了食用两种能量匹配的零食棒对食欲、能量摄入（EI）以及代谢和内分泌反应的影响。此外，我们还研究了零食摄入的急性效应在自由生活条件下是否得以维持，以及连续14天习惯性每日食用该零食是否会影响这些效应。
10名瘦体重男性[平均±标准差年龄：30.7±9.7岁；体重指数（kg/m²）：23.2±2.8]采用双盲、随机、交叉设计，连续14天在上午加餐时食用乳清蛋白和聚葡萄糖（PPX）零食棒或等能量对照零食棒作为餐间零食。两个14天的干预阶段之间有14天的洗脱期。在每个干预阶段的第1天和第15天，在实验室条件下评估食欲、食物摄入量以及血液代谢物和内分泌反应。在干预的第4、8和12天记录自由生活状态下的EI。
在实验期间食用PPX零食时，每日总EI显著降低（10149±831 kJ，而对照组为11931±896 kJ；P<0.01），并且在干预的自由生活阶段食用PPX零食时，每日EI仍然较低（7904±610 kJ，而对照组为9041±928 kJ；P<0.05）。PPX零食与较低的血糖和胃饥饿素以及较高的胰高血糖素样肽1和酪酪肽反应相关。
调整零食的食物成分是限制后续EI的有效方法。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT01927926。
