School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;104(6):1545-1553. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136937. Epub 2016 Nov 2.
Intermittent severe energy restriction (SER) can induce substantial weight loss, but the appetite regulatory responses to SER are unknown and may dictate long-term dietary adherence.
We determined the effect of 24-h SER on appetite regulation, metabolism, and energy intake.
Eighteen lean men and women completed two 3-d trials in randomized, counterbalanced order. On day 1 subjects consumed standardized diets containing 100% (mean ± SD: 9.3 ± 1.3 MJ; energy balance) or 25% [2.3 ± 0.3 MJ; energy restriction (ER)] of energy requirements. On day 2, a standardized breakfast was consumed, with plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids determined for 4 h. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed at lunch and dinner with subjective appetite and resting metabolism assessed throughout. On day 3, ad libitum energy intake was assessed at breakfast and by weighed food records.
Energy intake was 7% greater on day 2 (P < 0.05) during ER but not significantly different on day 3 (P = 0.557). Subjective appetite was greater during ER on the morning of day 2 (P < 0.05) but was not significantly different thereafter (P > 0.145). During ER, postprandial concentrations of acylated ghrelin were lower (P < 0.05), whereas glucose (P < 0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (P < 0.0001) were higher. Postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.784) and insulin (P = 0.06) concentrations were not significantly different between trials. Energy expenditure was lower during ER in the morning (P < 0.01).
In lean young adults, 24-h SER transiently elevated subjective appetite and marginally increased energy intake, but hormonal appetite markers did not respond in a manner indicative of hyperphagia. These results suggest that intermittent SER might be useful to attenuate energy intake and control body weight in this population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov.uk as NCT02696772.
间歇性剧烈能量限制（SER）可导致体重显著减轻，但目前尚不清楚 SER 对食欲调节的反应，而这可能决定长期的饮食依从性。
我们旨在确定 24 小时 SER 对食欲调节、代谢和能量摄入的影响。
18 名精瘦的男女按随机、交叉平衡的顺序完成了两项为期 3 天的试验。第 1 天，受试者摄入含有 100%（平均值±SD：9.3±1.3MJ；能量平衡）或 25%[2.3±0.3MJ；能量限制（ER）]能量需求的标准化饮食。第 2 天，受试者摄入标准化早餐，4 小时内测定酰化 ghrelin、胰高血糖素样肽 1、胰岛素、血糖和非酯化脂肪酸的血浆浓度。午餐和晚餐时评估随意能量摄入，整个过程中评估主观食欲和静息代谢。第 3 天，评估早餐时随意能量摄入，并通过称重食物记录进行评估。
ER 期间第 2 天的能量摄入增加 7%（P＜0.05），但第 3 天无显著差异（P=0.557）。ER 期间第 2 天早上的主观食欲更高（P＜0.05），但此后无显著差异（P＞0.145）。在 ER 期间，餐后酰化 ghrelin 浓度较低（P＜0.05），而血糖（P＜0.05）和非酯化脂肪酸（P＜0.0001）浓度较高。餐后胰高血糖素样肽 1（P=0.784）和胰岛素（P=0.06）浓度在两项试验之间无显著差异。ER 期间，上午的能量消耗较低（P＜0.01）。
在精瘦的年轻成年人中，24 小时 SER 短暂性地升高了主观食欲，轻度增加了能量摄入，但激素食欲标志物的反应方式并不表明摄食增加。这些结果表明，间歇性 SER 可能有助于减轻该人群的能量摄入和控制体重。本试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov.uk 注册，编号为 NCT02696772。
