Vaj Claudia, Van Gestel Cornelis A M, Vighi Marco
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy,
Ecotoxicology. 2014 Jul;23(5):898-913. doi: 10.1007/s10646-014-1232-8. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
The use of plant protection products (PPPs) in agro-environments can lead to undesired exposure of non-target organisms in non-target compartments. A year-round field survey was conducted in a vineyard in Northern Italy, for monitoring the changes in the structure of soil microarthropod communities under the application of PPPs, focusing on springtails and mites, both inside and 4 and 10 m outside the vineyard. Exposure to PPPs was estimated as time-weighted average soil concentrations. The fluctuations in the abundances of the different organisms after the application of PPPs, especially insecticides, were recorded. A recovery in abundances was observed at the end of the productive season outside the field and at the beginning of the next spring within the vineyard. Using multivariate statistical tools, the behaviour of each taxon in relation to the stressors was assessed. Some organisms were affected by the stressors, while others were favoured because of low vulnerability to PPPs and the indirect effect of the absence of other taxa. The principal response curves (PRC) method was the most sensitive tool for assessing PPP effects on soil arthropod communities. Strong differences were evident in the structure of the communities inside and outside the vineyard, with the communities sampled 4 and 10 m outside the vineyard being fairly similar, the latter considered as control. The role of physical stressors on community composition is recognised. However, chemical stressors, and in particular PPP exposure seemed to have larger effects on structural and functional characteristics of soil arthropod communities than physical stressors.
在农业环境中使用植物保护产品（PPPs）可能会导致非靶标区域的非靶标生物意外接触到这些产品。在意大利北部的一个葡萄园进行了为期一年的实地调查，以监测在使用PPPs的情况下土壤微型节肢动物群落结构的变化，重点关注葡萄园内部以及葡萄园外4米和10米处的跳虫和螨类。将接触PPPs的情况估计为时间加权平均土壤浓度。记录了施用PPPs（尤其是杀虫剂）后不同生物丰度的波动情况。在生长季节结束时，葡萄园外以及次年春季葡萄园开始时观察到丰度有所恢复。使用多元统计工具评估了每个分类群相对于应激源的行为。一些生物受到应激源的影响，而另一些生物则因对PPPs的低易感性以及其他分类群缺失的间接影响而受益。主响应曲线（PRC）方法是评估PPPs对土壤节肢动物群落影响的最敏感工具。葡萄园内外的群落结构存在明显差异，葡萄园外4米和10米处采集的群落相当相似，后者被视为对照。物理应激源对群落组成的作用是公认的。然而，化学应激源，特别是PPPs暴露似乎对土壤节肢动物群落的结构和功能特征的影响比物理应激源更大。
