Weiner Michael
Indiana University Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1050 Wishard Boulevard, 5th floor, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2872, USA,
Patient. 2014;7(2):123-7. doi: 10.1007/s40271-014-0051-6.
Crowdsourcing (CS) is the outsourcing of a problem or task to a crowd. Although patient-centered care (PCC) may aim to be tailored to an individual's needs, the uses of CS for generating ideas, identifying values, solving problems, facilitating research, and educating an audience represent powerful roles that can shape both allocation of shared resources and delivery of personalized care and treatment. CS can often be conducted quickly and at relatively low cost. Pitfalls include bias, risks of research ethics, inadequate quality of data, inadequate metrics, and observer-expectancy effect. Health professionals and consumers in the US should increase their attention to CS for the benefit of PCC. Patients' participation in CS to shape health policy and decisions is one way to pursue PCC itself and may help to improve clinical outcomes through a better understanding of patients' perspectives. CS should especially be used to traverse the quality-cost curve, or decrease costs while preserving or improving quality of care.
众包（CS）是指将一个问题或任务外包给一群人。尽管以患者为中心的护理（PCC）旨在根据个人需求进行定制，但利用众包来产生想法、确定价值观、解决问题、促进研究以及教育受众，这些强大作用能够影响共享资源的分配以及个性化护理和治疗的提供。众包通常可以快速进行且成本相对较低。其陷阱包括偏差、研究伦理风险、数据质量不足、指标不完善以及观察者期望效应。为了PCC的利益，美国的医疗专业人员和消费者应更多地关注众包。患者参与众包以塑造健康政策和决策，是追求PCC本身的一种方式，并且通过更好地理解患者观点可能有助于改善临床结果。众包尤其应用于跨越质量 - 成本曲线，即在保持或提高护理质量的同时降低成本。
