The Ohio State University, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA; Louisiana State University, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 101 Efferson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
The Ohio State University, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA.
J Food Prot. 2014 Mar;77(3):359-64. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-312.
Tomatoes have been linked to many outbreaks of salmonellosis over the last decade, but the routes of contamination have yet to be discerned. Many phytopathogens of tomato are seedborne and are effectively managed using seed sanitizers. Seed sanitizers effective against bacterial phytopathogens were evaluated for their efficacy in killing bioluminescent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SeT-A14 on tomato seed infested with moderately high and high levels of pathogen. SeT-A14 incidence on seedlings produced from contaminated seed following sanitation was also determined. At a moderately high infestation rate (40%), SeT-A14 was eradicated on seed sanitized with 1.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) mixed with 0.03% surfactant for 2 min, hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 30 min, and trichloromelamine for 2 min. At a higher infestation rate (94%), only NaClO and HCl were effective in eradicating SeT-A14 from the seed. At both infestation rates, 2% Virkon-S for 15 min significantly reduced SeT-A14 incidence compared with the nontreated infested controls but did not eradicate the pathogen. Hot water, a commonly used sanitizer for managing seedborne bacterial plant diseases, significantly reduced SeT-A14 on heavily infested seed, but incidence was still moderate at 17.5%. On seedlings produced from moderately highly infested seed, SeT-A14 was not detected using RapidChek Salmonella test strips. Using heavily infested seed, SeT-A14 was detected with the test strips in one of four pooled samples of 14-day-old seedlings produced from nonsanitized seed and from seed sanitized with hot water and trichloromelamine. However, bioluminescence was not observed on 14-day-old seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides evidence that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium can be seed transmitted and can lead to the contamination of tomato seedlings. In addition to eliminating important bacterial phytopathogens from tomato seed, NaClO or HCl may mitigate the risk of Salmonella seedling contamination.
在过去的十年中，西红柿已与许多沙门氏菌病爆发有关，但污染途径尚未确定。许多番茄的植物病原体是种子携带的，并且可以使用种子消毒剂有效地进行管理。评估了对种子消毒有效且能杀灭生物发光肠炎沙门氏菌血清型 Typhimurium 株 SeT-A14 的杀菌剂，这些杀菌剂用于消毒受中度和高度病原体污染的番茄种子。还确定了消毒后受污染种子生产的幼苗中 SeT-A14 的发病率。在中度污染率（40％）下，用 1.2％次氯酸钠（NaClO）与 0.03％表面活性剂混合消毒 2 分钟，用盐酸（HCl）消毒 30 分钟和三氯氰胺消毒 2 分钟可消除种子上的 SeT-A14。在更高的污染率（94％）下，只有 NaClO 和 HCl 可以有效消除种子上的 SeT-A14。在这两种污染率下，2％Virkon-S 消毒 15 分钟可显著降低受污染对照种子的 SeT-A14 发病率，但未根除病原体。热水是一种常用于管理种子传播的细菌性植物病害的消毒剂，可显著减少重度污染种子上的 SeT-A14，但发病率仍为 17.5％。在从中度高度污染的种子中生产的幼苗上，使用 RapidChek 沙门氏菌测试条未检测到 SeT-A14。在使用重度污染的种子时，从未消毒的种子和用热水和三氯氰胺消毒的种子中生产的 14 天大的幼苗的四个混合样本之一中，使用测试条检测到了 SeT-A14。但是，在 14 天大的幼苗上未观察到生物发光。据我们所知，这是第一个提供证据表明肠炎沙门氏菌血清型 Typhimurium 可以通过种子传播并导致番茄幼苗污染的报告。除了从番茄种子中消除重要的细菌性植物病原体外，NaClO 或 HCl 还可能降低沙门氏菌幼苗污染的风险。
