Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea.
J Food Prot. 2014 Mar;77(3):466-71. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-284.
Improperly practiced postharvest procedures can pose mycotoxin-related risks in the production of medicinal herbs. As a health food with pharmacological supplements, cereal-based adlay has been broadly used in oriental medical practice. Compared with the standard production protocol, three provisional critical control points (CCPs) in the conventional procedure were identified and assessed for mycotoxin contamination in the adlay from small farms in Korea. Although various mycotoxins were present, the prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) or zearalenone (ZEN) was relatively high in the adlay. In terms of drying conditions, field drying in the conventional pathway was associated with more exposure to DON than heated-air drying. Moreover, the DON or ZEN levels in chaff were higher than the levels in the inner grain, suggesting that the hulling process as another CCP would reduce the DON or ZEN exposure. In particular, the DON or ZEN levels in adlay stored for protracted periods without dehulling were very high, but a lower storage temperature of 12°C was not effective at significantly reducing these mycotoxins. In this case, the inner grain was more contaminated with DON or ZEN than the chaff after protracted storage because surface fungi, which produce mycotoxins, can penetrate deep into grain with time. Heated-air drying and nonprotracted storage limited DON contamination in adlay. More importantly, an early dehulling process should be adopted as an easy preventive action to reduce the risk of exposure to DON or ZEN in adlay postharvest. This is monitored as a central CCP for safer production of adlay from local farms.
不当的采后处理程序可能会给草药的生产带来与霉菌毒素相关的风险。作为一种具有药理补充作用的保健品，以谷物为基础的薏苡仁在东方医学实践中得到了广泛应用。与标准生产方案相比，在韩国的小农场中，对常规程序中的三个暂定关键控制点（CCP）进行了识别和评估，以确定薏苡仁中是否存在霉菌毒素污染。尽管存在各种霉菌毒素，但在薏苡仁中，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）或玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的流行率相对较高。在干燥条件方面，与热空气干燥相比，常规途径中的田间干燥会导致更多的 DON 暴露。此外，糠皮中的 DON 或 ZEN 水平高于内部谷物，这表明脱壳过程作为另一个 CCP 可以减少 DON 或 ZEN 的暴露。特别是，未经脱壳而长时间储存的薏苡仁中的 DON 或 ZEN 水平非常高，但 12°C 的较低储存温度并不能有效地显著降低这些霉菌毒素。在这种情况下，由于随着时间的推移，表面真菌（会产生霉菌毒素）可以深入谷物，因此内部谷物比糠皮更容易受到 DON 或 ZEN 的污染。热空气干燥和非长时间储存限制了 DON 对薏苡仁的污染。更重要的是，应尽早采用脱壳工艺作为一种简单的预防措施，以减少薏苡仁采后接触 DON 或 ZEN 的风险。这作为一个中央 CCP 进行监测，以确保从当地农场生产更安全的薏苡仁。
