Proud Carol
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia.
Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2014 Apr;18(2):185-9. doi: 10.1188/14.CJON.185-189.
Significant variability exists in normal tissue reactions in patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy, with a subpopulation exhibiting increased toxicity to ionizing radiation. Genomic studies have proposed that single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species may play a role in clinical radiosensitivity. Additional research examining the association between genetic variants and radiation-induced inflammation and fibrosis may spur the development of targeted therapy in radiation oncology, which could increase cure rates and limit toxicity. As more people become long-term cancer survivors, oncology nurses must aggressively assess and manage late treatment side effects to optimize patient functioning and quality of life. The purpose of the current article is to describe the effect of ionizing radiation on normal and irradiated tissue, discuss genetic mutations that are proposed to influence radiosensitivity, and identify future areas of research on the association between genetics and radiation toxicity.
接受放射治疗的癌症患者正常组织反应存在显著差异，其中一部分人群对电离辐射的毒性反应增强。基因组研究表明，DNA修复基因、细胞因子和活性氧中的单核苷酸多态性可能在临床放射敏感性中起作用。进一步研究基因变异与辐射诱导的炎症和纤维化之间的关联，可能会推动放射肿瘤学靶向治疗的发展，从而提高治愈率并限制毒性。随着越来越多的人成为癌症长期幸存者，肿瘤护理人员必须积极评估和管理晚期治疗副作用，以优化患者的功能和生活质量。本文的目的是描述电离辐射对正常组织和受照射组织的影响，讨论被认为会影响放射敏感性的基因突变，并确定遗传学与辐射毒性关联方面未来的研究领域。
