Wolter D K
Psykiatrien i Region Syddanmark, Gerontopsykiatrisk Afdeling Haderslev, Skallebækvej 5, 6100, Haderslev, Dänemark,
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Jun;47(4):345-53; quiz 354-5. doi: 10.1007/s00391-014-0609-x.
The legal framework and the essentials in traffic and transport psychology and statistics were described in part 1. Safe driving depends on different sensory and mental processes interacting in a complicated manner. Physiological changes and--even more importantly--a variety of diseases result in impaired performance in these functional areas. Moderate to severe dementia certainly means that the person is no longer fit to drive, whereas driving ability may be maintained in mild dementia for some time. There are different approaches and assessment tools, but a single test that could, on its own, answer the question whether a patient with mild dementia is fit to drive does not exist. Driving ability is not only determined by cognitive function. Further assessment of possible risk factors and overall functioning is necessary. If dementia is diagnosed, then the question of fitness to drive must be promptly discussed with the patient because during the course of dementia driving ability will inevitably be lost. The conclusion of the assessment of driving ability must not be pronounced like a verdict, the physician should rather counsel and support the patient and his family on the difficult road towards driving cessation.
第一部分描述了交通与运输心理学及统计学的法律框架和要点。安全驾驶取决于以复杂方式相互作用的不同感官和心理过程。生理变化以及更重要的是各种疾病会导致这些功能领域的表现受损。中度至重度痴呆肯定意味着此人不再适合驾驶，而轻度痴呆患者的驾驶能力可能在一段时间内得以维持。有不同的方法和评估工具，但不存在仅凭一项测试就能回答轻度痴呆患者是否适合驾驶这一问题的情况。驾驶能力不仅由认知功能决定。进一步评估可能的风险因素和整体功能是必要的。如果诊断出痴呆症，那么必须立即与患者讨论驾驶适宜性问题，因为在痴呆症病程中驾驶能力将不可避免地丧失。对驾驶能力评估的结论不应像宣判一样宣布，医生更应在患者及其家人迈向停止驾驶的艰难道路上提供咨询和支持。
