Kirtiklis Lech, Ocalewicz Konrad, Wiechowska Marzena, Boroń Alicja, Hliwa Piotr
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland,
Genetica. 2014 Apr;142(2):141-8. doi: 10.1007/s10709-014-9761-x. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
The European bitterlings (Rhodeus amarus) from the Eastern locations were cytogenetically examined by conventional and molecular techniques. All analyzed individuals presented invariably the same chromosomal constitution of 2n = 48, with 8 metacentrics + 20 submetacentrics + 20 subtelo-acrocentrics and C-banding positive heterochromatin at the pericentromeric regions in most of the chromosomes. Moreover, some of the chromosomes had short arms entirely built with heterochromatin. GC-rich Ag-NORs (nucleolus organizer regions) were located at the short arms of two submetacentric chromosomes, and the length polymorphism of these regions was found. Multiple location of 28S rDNA sequences with fluorescence in situ hybridization signals was observed on the long and/or short arms of three submetacentric chromosomes including NOR regions and short arms of three to five acrocentric chromosomes in the studied fish. 5S rDNA sites were found on the short arms of two subtelocentric chromosomes, and telomeric repeats were localized at the ends of all chromosomes. Provided results have expanded our knowledge concerning genetic characteristics of the European bitterlings that may be profitable in the conservation programs of this endangered species.
利用传统和分子技术对来自东部地区的欧洲苦鱼（ Rhodeus amarus ）进行了细胞遗传学检查。所有分析的个体均呈现出恒定的染色体组成，即2n = 48，其中包括8条中着丝粒染色体 + 20条亚中着丝粒染色体 + 20条近端着丝粒染色体，并且在大多数染色体的着丝粒周围区域有C带阳性异染色质。此外，一些染色体的短臂完全由异染色质构成。富含GC的银染核仁组织区（NORs）位于两条亚中着丝粒染色体的短臂上，并且发现了这些区域的长度多态性。在所研究的鱼类中，在包括NOR区域的三条亚中着丝粒染色体的长臂和/或短臂以及三到五条近端着丝粒染色体的短臂上观察到了具有荧光原位杂交信号的28S rDNA序列的多个位置。在两条近端着丝粒染色体的短臂上发现了5S rDNA位点，并且端粒重复序列定位于所有染色体的末端。所提供的结果扩展了我们对欧洲苦鱼遗传特征的认识，这可能对该濒危物种的保护计划有益。
