Román Francisco J, Abad Francisco J, Escorial Sergio, Burgaleta Miguel, Martínez Kenia, Álvarez-Linera Juan, Quiroga María Ángeles, Karama Sherif, Haier Richard J, Colom Roberto
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Fundación CIEN - Fundación Reina Sofía, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Aug;35(8):3805-18. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22438. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
Intelligence is composed of a set of cognitive abilities hierarchically organized. General and specific abilities capture distinguishable, but related, facets of the intelligence construct. Here, we analyze gray matter with three morphometric indices (volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness) at three levels of the intelligence hierarchy (tests, first-order factors, and a higher-order general factor, g). A group of one hundred and four healthy young adults completed a cognitive battery and underwent high-resolution structural MRI. Latent scores were computed for the intelligence factors and tests were also analyzed. The key finding reveals substantial variability in gray matter correlates at the test level, which is substantially reduced for the first-order and the higher-order factors. This supports a reversed hierarchy in the brain with respect to cognitive abilities at different psychometric levels: the greater the generality, the smaller the number of relevant gray matter clusters accounting for individual differences in intelligent performance.
智力由一组层次组织的认知能力组成。一般能力和特殊能力捕捉了智力结构中可区分但相关的方面。在此，我们在智力层次结构的三个水平（测试、一阶因素和高阶一般因素g）上，用三个形态测量指标（体积、皮质表面积和皮质厚度）分析灰质。一组104名健康的年轻成年人完成了一套认知测试，并接受了高分辨率结构磁共振成像。计算了智力因素的潜在分数，并对测试进行了分析。关键发现揭示了在测试水平上灰质相关性存在显著差异，而在一阶和高阶因素水平上这种差异大幅减少。这支持了大脑中关于不同心理测量水平认知能力的反向层次结构：普遍性越高，解释智力表现个体差异的相关灰质簇数量越少。
