Gimou Marie-Madeleine, Pouillot Régis, Charrondiere U Ruth, Noël Laurent, Guérin Thierry, Leblanc Jean-Charles
a Centre Pasteur of Cameroon , Yaoundé , Cameroon.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014;31(6):1064-80. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2014.909953. Epub 2014 May 9.
Dietary exposure to trace elements (aluminium, antimony, barium, cadmium, lead, nickel, vanadium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, strontium and tellurium) was assessed by the total diet study (TDS) method. Sixty-four pooled samples representing 96.5% of the diet in Yaoundé, Cameroon, were prepared "as consumed" before analysis. Consumption data were sourced from a households' budget survey. Dietary exposures were compared with health-based guidance or nutritional values and to worldwide TDS results. The health-based guidance value was exceeded by ≤ 0.2% of the study population for aluminium, antimony, barium, cadmium, nickel and vanadium. For lead, the observed 95th percentile of exposure (3.05 µg kg(-1) body weight day(-1)) equals the critical value considered by JECFA for cardiovascular effects; therefore, risk to health cannot be excluded for certain consumer groups. The population at risk of excess intake for manganese, copper, molybdenum and nickel was considered to be low (≤ 0.3%). The prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated at 5.9% for copper and was nil for molybdenum. Due to the lack of toxicological and/or nutritional consistent data to perform a risk assessment, dietary exposures to germanium, lithium, strontium and tellurium were provided as supplementary data. The food groups highest contributors to exposure were "tubers and starches" for aluminium (27%), lead (39%) and copper (26%), "cereals and cereal products" for cadmium (54%) and manganese (35%), "fruits, vegetables and oilseeds" for barium (34%), molybdenum (49%) and nickel (31%), "beverages" for antimony (27%) and "fish" for vanadium (43% - lower bound). Measures should be recommended to maintain low levels of exposure before the problem could become an important health or trade issue.
通过总膳食研究（TDS）方法评估了膳食中微量元素（铝、锑、钡、镉、铅、镍、钒、铜、锰、钼、锗、锂、锶和碲）的暴露情况。在喀麦隆雅温得，代表96.5%膳食的64个混合样本在分析前按“食用时”状态制备。消费数据来自家庭预算调查。将膳食暴露量与基于健康的指导值或营养价值以及全球总膳食研究结果进行了比较。对于铝、锑、钡、镉、镍和钒，超过基于健康的指导值的研究人群比例≤0.2%。对于铅，观察到的第95百分位数暴露量（3.05微克/千克体重·天）等于食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）考虑的心血管效应临界值；因此，不能排除某些消费群体存在健康风险。锰、铜、钼和镍摄入过量风险人群被认为比例较低（≤0.3%）。估计铜摄入不足的患病率为5.9%，钼摄入不足的患病率为零。由于缺乏进行风险评估的毒理学和/或营养一致数据，锗、锂、锶和碲的膳食暴露量作为补充数据提供。对暴露贡献最大的食物类别，铝为“块茎和淀粉类”（27%）、铅为“块茎和淀粉类”（39%）、铜为“块茎和淀粉类”（26%），镉为“谷物及谷物制品”（54%）、锰为“谷物及谷物制品”（35%），钡为“水果、蔬菜和油籽”（34%）、钼为“水果、蔬菜和油籽”（49%）、镍为“水果、蔬菜和油籽”（31%），锑为“饮料”（27%），钒为“鱼类”（下限为43%）。在该问题成为重要的健康或贸易问题之前，应建议采取措施维持低暴露水平。
