Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
Environ Int. 2014 Jul;68:16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.004. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
The large amounts of treated waste materials and the complex biological and physicochemical processes make the areas in the proximity of landfills vulnerable not only to emissions of potential toxic compounds but also to nuisance such as odor pollution. All these factors have a dramatic impact in the local environment producing environmental quality degradation. Most of the human health problems come from the landfill gas, from its non-methanic volatile organic compounds and from hazardous air pollutants. In addition several odorants are released during landfill operations and uncontrolled emissions. In this work we present an integrated risk assessment for emissions of hazard compounds and odor nuisance, to describe environmental quality in the landfill proximity. The study was based on sampling campaigns to acquire emission data for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and vinyl chloride monomer and odor. All concentration values in the emissions from the landfill were measured and used in an air dispersion model to estimate maximum concentrations and depositions in correspondence to five sensitive receptors located in proximity of the landfill. Results for the different scenarios and cancer and non-cancer effects always showed risk estimates which were orders of magnitude below those accepted from the main international agencies (WHO, US EPA). Odor pollution was significant for a limited downwind area near the landfill appearing to be a significant risk factor of the damage to the local environment.
大量处理过的废物材料以及复杂的生物和物理化学过程，使得垃圾填埋场附近地区不仅容易受到潜在有毒化合物的排放的影响，还容易受到恶臭等滋扰。所有这些因素都对当地环境产生了巨大的影响，导致环境质量下降。大多数人类健康问题都来自垃圾填埋气、非甲烷挥发性有机化合物和危险空气污染物。此外，在垃圾填埋作业和无控制排放过程中还会释放出几种气味物质。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种综合风险评估，用于评估危险化合物和恶臭滋扰的排放，以描述垃圾填埋场附近的环境质量。该研究基于采样活动，以获取多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃、类二恶英多氯联苯、多环芳烃、苯和氯乙烯单体以及恶臭的排放数据。垃圾填埋场排放物中的所有浓度值都经过测量，并用于空气扩散模型，以估算对应于位于垃圾填埋场附近的五个敏感受体的最大浓度和沉积量。对于不同的情景和癌症与非癌症影响，结果始终显示风险估计值远低于主要国际机构（世界卫生组织、美国环保署）所接受的值。恶臭污染对垃圾填埋场附近的有限下风区域有重大影响，似乎是对当地环境造成损害的一个重要风险因素。
