Marzullo Laurie R
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Apr;30(4):269-75; quiz 276-8. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000112.
Agitation is a chief complaint that causes many children and adolescents to present to emergency medical attention. There are many reasons for acute agitation, including toxicologic, neurologic, infectious, metabolic, and functional disorders. At times it may be necessary to pharmacologically treat the agitation to prevent harm to the patient, caregivers, or hospital staff. However, one should always be mindful that the differential diagnosis is broad, and a complete although timely assessment with targeted testing must be done before concluding that the agitation is rooted solely in nonorganic causes. There are various pharmacologic choices for the treatment of agitation, and they will be reviewed here. While treatment of agitation may be necessary to keep the patient as well as staff safe, as well as to facilitate medical evaluation in some cases, care must be taken to treat the patient with compassion, never using pharmacologic treatment for reasons of punishment or staff convenience. The focus is on the pharmacologic management of acute agitation of patients in the pediatric age group, in the context of a full evaluation for possible nonfunctional causes of agitation. Goals, risks, and benefits of medication use will be reviewed.
躁动是导致许多儿童和青少年寻求紧急医疗护理的主要主诉。急性躁动的原因有很多，包括中毒、神经、感染、代谢和功能障碍。有时可能有必要对躁动进行药物治疗，以防止对患者、护理人员或医院工作人员造成伤害。然而，人们应该始终牢记，鉴别诊断范围广泛，在得出躁动完全源于非器质性原因的结论之前，必须进行全面且及时的评估，并进行针对性检查。治疗躁动有多种药物选择，本文将对此进行综述。虽然治疗躁动对于保障患者和工作人员的安全以及在某些情况下便于进行医学评估可能是必要的，但必须以同情之心对待患者，绝不能出于惩罚或工作人员便利的原因而进行药物治疗。本文重点关注儿科患者急性躁动的药物管理，同时要对躁动可能的非功能性原因进行全面评估。将对用药的目标、风险和益处进行综述。
