注意缺陷多动障碍患者错误后减缓现象的荟萃分析
Post-Error Slowing in Patients With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis.
作者信息
Balogh Lívia, Czobor Pál
机构信息
Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.
出版信息
J Atten Disord. 2016 Dec;20(12):1004-1016. doi: 10.1177/1087054714528043. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
OBJECTIVE
Post-error slowing (PES) is a cognitive mechanism for adaptive responses to reduce the probability of error in subsequent trials after error. To date, no meta-analytic summary of individual studies has been conducted to assess whether ADHD patients differ from controls in PES.
METHOD
We identified 15 relevant publications, reporting 26 pairs of comparisons (ADHD, n = 1,053; healthy control, n = 614). Random-effect meta-analysis was used to determine the statistical effect size (ES) for PES.
RESULTS
PES was diminished in the ADHD group as compared with controls, with an ES in the medium range (Cohen's d = 0.42). Significant group difference was observed in relation to the inter-stimulus interval (ISI): While healthy participants slowed down after an error during long (3,500 ms) compared with short ISIs (1,500 ms), ADHD participants sustained or even increased their speed.
CONCLUSION
The pronounced group difference suggests that PES may be considered as a behavioral indicator for differentiating ADHD patients from healthy participants.
目的
错误后减缓（PES）是一种认知机制，用于在出现错误后进行适应性反应，以降低后续试验中出现错误的概率。迄今为止，尚未对个体研究进行荟萃分析总结，以评估多动症（ADHD）患者在PES方面是否与对照组存在差异。
方法
我们确定了15篇相关出版物，报告了26对比较（ADHD组，n = 1053；健康对照组，n = 614）。采用随机效应荟萃分析来确定PES的统计效应大小（ES）。
结果
与对照组相比，ADHD组的PES减弱，ES处于中等范围（科恩d值 = 0.42）。在刺激间隔（ISI）方面观察到显著的组间差异：与短ISI（1500毫秒）相比，健康参与者在长ISI（3500毫秒）出现错误后会放慢速度，而ADHD参与者保持甚至提高了他们的速度。
结论
明显的组间差异表明，PES可被视为区分ADHD患者与健康参与者的行为指标。
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