Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 May;18(3):612-7. doi: 10.1017/S1355617712000082. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
Post-error slowing (i.e., slowing of a response on correct trials following an error) is thought to reflect adaptive behavior that may be impaired in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study examined post-error slowing in children with ADHD and typically developing controls on two cognitive tasks. Fifty-one ADHD-Combined type, 53 ADHD-Inattentive type, and 47 controls completed a Choice Discrimination and Stop Signal Task with incentive and event rate manipulations. Linear mixed models were used to examine reaction times surrounding errors (trial-by-trial). Pre-error speeding and pre- to post-error slowing occurred on both tasks. Impaired post-error slowing was only present on the Choice Discrimination Task for the ADHD-Inattentive type. Post-error slowing is impaired in children with ADHD-Inattentive type, but not ADHD-Combined type, on a simple attention task. These findings highlight the importance of considering task demands and ADHD subtype when examining post-error slowing and also provide a novel approach to quantifying post-error slowing.
错误后减速（即，在错误后跟随的正确试验中反应的减速）被认为反映了适应性行为，而这种行为在注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）中可能受损。本研究在两项认知任务上检查了 ADHD 混合表型、ADHD 注意力不集中表型儿童和对照组儿童的错误后减速。51 名 ADHD 混合表型、53 名 ADHD 注意力不集中表型和 47 名对照组儿童在具有激励和事件率操纵的选择辨别和停止信号任务上完成了测试。线性混合模型用于检查围绕错误的反应时间（逐次试验）。在两个任务中都出现了错误前加速和错误前到错误后的减速。仅在注意力选择任务上，ADHD 注意力不集中表型儿童的错误后减速受损。在简单注意力任务上，ADHD 注意力不集中表型儿童的错误后减速受损，但 ADHD 混合表型儿童未受损。在检查错误后减速时，考虑任务要求和 ADHD 亚型非常重要，本研究结果突出了这一点，并且还提供了一种量化错误后减速的新方法。
