Sleeper Meg M, Drobatz Ken, Lee D Richard, Lammey Michael L
Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Apr 15;244(8):956-60. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.8.956.
To generate reference ranges for echocardiographic variables in clinically normal adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Retrospective cohort study.
88 clinically normal adult chimpanzees.
Echocardiographic data obtained between 2002 and 2011 from chimpanzees at the Alamogordo Primate Facility were reviewed (263 echocardiograms obtained from 158 individuals). Data from clinically normal individuals (33 females and 55 males) were analyzed. Basic cardiac parameters measured in all individuals included aortic root diameter and left atrial diameter in the short and long axis during diastole. Left ventricular measurements included left ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole and diastolic septal and posterior wall thickness. The E point to septal separation was also measured. Spectral Doppler measurements included the peak flow velocity of the pulmonary artery and aorta and diastolic transmitral flow. The presence of arrhythmias was also noted.
Standard echocardiographic findings for a large group of adult female and male chimpanzees were obtained. Female and male chimpanzees were grouped by age in 10-year blocks, and echocardiographic findings were analyzed statistically by 10-year block. In male chimpanzees, cardiac arrhythmias were noted to increase with age.
Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and death in captive chimpanzees; however, basic echocardiographic measurements from a large cohort of clinically normal animals have not previously been reported. The number of animals in the present study was insufficient to generate reference ranges; however, data from a large cohort of clinically normal animals are presented. This information will be useful for veterinarians working in clinical and research settings with this species.
生成临床正常成年黑猩猩（黑猩猩属）超声心动图变量的参考范围。
回顾性队列研究。
88只临床正常的成年黑猩猩。
回顾2002年至2011年期间从阿拉莫戈多灵长类动物设施的黑猩猩获得的超声心动图数据（从158只个体获得263份超声心动图）。分析临床正常个体（33只雌性和55只雄性）的数据。在所有个体中测量的基本心脏参数包括舒张期短轴和长轴的主动脉根部直径和左心房直径。左心室测量包括收缩期和舒张期左心室内径以及舒张期室间隔和后壁厚度。还测量了E点至室间隔距离。频谱多普勒测量包括肺动脉和主动脉的峰值流速以及舒张期二尖瓣血流。还记录了心律失常的存在情况。
获得了一大群成年雌性和雄性黑猩猩的标准超声心动图结果。雌性和雄性黑猩猩按10年年龄段分组，并按10年年龄段对超声心动图结果进行统计学分析。在雄性黑猩猩中，心律失常随年龄增加而增加。
心血管疾病是圈养黑猩猩发病和死亡的重要原因；然而，此前尚未报道过大量临床正常动物的基本超声心动图测量数据。本研究中的动物数量不足以生成参考范围；不过，提供了大量临床正常动物的数据。这些信息将对从事该物种临床和研究工作的兽医有用。
