Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-4, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Archaea. 2014 Feb 20;2014:206735. doi: 10.1155/2014/206735. eCollection 2014.
As the third domain of life, archaea, like the eukarya and bacteria, must have robust DNA replication and repair complexes to ensure genome fidelity. Archaea moreover display a breadth of unique habitats and characteristics, and structural biologists increasingly appreciate these features. As archaea include extremophiles that can withstand diverse environmental stresses, they provide fundamental systems for understanding enzymes and pathways critical to genome integrity and stress responses. Such archaeal extremophiles provide critical data on the periodic table for life as well as on the biochemical, geochemical, and physical limitations to adaptive strategies allowing organisms to thrive under environmental stress relevant to determining the boundaries for life as we know it. Specifically, archaeal enzyme structures have informed the architecture and mechanisms of key DNA repair proteins and complexes. With added abilities to temperature-trap flexible complexes and reveal core domains of transient and dynamic complexes, these structures provide insights into mechanisms of maintaining genome integrity despite extreme environmental stress. The DNA damage response protein structures noted in this review therefore inform the basis for genome integrity in the face of environmental stress, with implications for all domains of life as well as for biomanufacturing, astrobiology, and medicine.
作为生命的第三域，古菌与真核生物和细菌一样，必须拥有强大的 DNA 复制和修复复合物，以确保基因组的保真度。此外，古菌表现出广泛的独特栖息地和特征，结构生物学家越来越欣赏这些特征。由于古菌包括能够承受各种环境压力的极端微生物，它们为理解对基因组完整性和应激反应至关重要的酶和途径提供了基本系统。这些古菌极端微生物为生命的元素周期表以及适应策略的生物化学、地球化学和物理限制提供了关键数据，使生物体能够在与确定我们所知生命界限相关的环境压力下茁壮成长。具体而言，古菌酶结构为关键 DNA 修复蛋白和复合物的结构和机制提供了信息。通过增加对柔性复合物的温度捕获能力和揭示瞬时和动态复合物的核心结构域的能力，这些结构提供了在极端环境压力下维持基因组完整性的机制见解。因此，本综述中提到的 DNA 损伤反应蛋白结构为应对环境压力时的基因组完整性提供了基础，这对所有生命领域以及生物制造、天体生物学和医学都具有重要意义。
