Kumar S, Rastogi S, Kumar S, Mahendra P, Bansal M, Chandra L
Private Practice.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Institute of Technology and Sciences- Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Murad Nagar, Ghaziabad, India-201206.
J Med Life. 2013;6(4):383-8. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is defined as sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing recurrent episodes of pain within the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. It is the most frequent cranial neuralgia, the incidence being 1 per 1,000,00 persons per year. Pain attacks start abruptly and last several seconds but may persist 1 to 2 minutes. The attacks are initiated by non painful physical stimulation of specific areas (trigger points or zones) that are located ipsilateral to the pain. After each episode, there is usually a refractive period during which stimulation of the trigger zone will not induce the pain. According to the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)-EFNS guidelines on TN management the neurophysiological recording of trigeminal reflexes represents the most useful and reliable test for the neurophysiological diagnosis of trigeminal pains. The present article discusses different techniques for investigation of the trigeminal system by which an accurate topographical diagnosis and profile of sensory fiber pathology can be determined. With the aid of neurophysiological recordings and quantitative sensory testing, it is possible to approach a mechanism-based classification of orofacial pain.
三叉神经痛（TN）被定义为在三叉神经一个或多个分支分布区域内突然发作的、通常为单侧的、严重的、短暂的、刺痛性复发性疼痛。它是最常见的颅神经痛，发病率为每年每100万人中有1人。疼痛发作突然开始，持续数秒，但可能持续1至2分钟。发作由疼痛同侧特定区域（触发点或触发区）的非疼痛性物理刺激引发。每次发作后，通常会有一个不应期，在此期间刺激触发区不会诱发疼痛。根据欧洲神经科学学会联合会（EFNS）关于神经性疼痛评估的指南以及美国神经病学学会（AAN）-EFNS关于TN管理的指南，三叉神经反射的神经生理学记录是三叉神经痛神经生理学诊断最有用和可靠的测试。本文讨论了用于研究三叉神经系统的不同技术，通过这些技术可以确定准确的局部诊断和感觉纤维病理特征。借助神经生理学记录和定量感觉测试，有可能实现基于机制的口面部疼痛分类。
