Oncology (Williston Park). 2014 Feb;28(2):135-42.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in the United States. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biomarker has been widely used to screen men for prostate cancer. Challenges of PSA cancer-specific sensitivity and specificity exist; fortunately, a new generation of PCa biomarkers is emerging, consisting of serum-, urine-, and tissue-based assays that may supplement PSA testing, or replace it over time.The identification and development of these biomarkers have been facilitated, in large part, by new genomic technologies that have enabled an additional interpretation of the individual patient's tumor biology. Several biomarkers with specific indications for disease diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and therapeutic response are now commercially available. Furthermore, genomic assays may now stratify the risk of aggressive PCa at the time of diagnosis. In this article, we review recent advances in the discovery of PCa biomarkers, their integration into clinical practice, and implications for improving clinical management of the disease.
前列腺癌（PCa）是美国最常见的男性癌症。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）生物标志物已被广泛用于筛查男性前列腺癌。PSA 具有癌症特异性敏感性和特异性的挑战；幸运的是，新一代的 PCa 生物标志物正在出现，包括基于血清、尿液和组织的检测方法，这些方法可能会补充 PSA 检测，或者随着时间的推移取代 PSA 检测。这些生物标志物的鉴定和开发在很大程度上得益于新的基因组技术，这些技术使个体患者肿瘤生物学的额外解释成为可能。目前已有几种具有明确疾病诊断、预测、预后和治疗反应适应证的生物标志物可供商业化应用。此外，基因组检测现在可以在诊断时对侵袭性 PCa 的风险进行分层。本文综述了 PCa 生物标志物发现方面的最新进展，及其在临床实践中的整合，以及对改善疾病临床管理的影响。
