Berenguer Cristina V, Pereira Ferdinando, Pereira Jorge A M, Câmara José S
CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
SESARAM-Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, EPERAM, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Avenida Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;14(16):3982. doi: 10.3390/cancers14163982.
Despite the spectacular advances in molecular medicine, including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, and personalized medicine, supported by the discovery of the human genome, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most frequent malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. New methods for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapy evaluation are mainly based on the combination of imaging techniques with other methodologies, such as gene or protein profiling, aimed at improving PCa management and surveillance. However, the lack of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for its early detection is a major hurdle to this goal. Apart from classical biomarkers, the study of endogenous volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) biosynthesized by different metabolic pathways and found in several biofluids is emerging as an innovative, efficient, accessible, and non-invasive approach to establish the volatilomic biosignature of PCa patients, unravelling potential biomarkers. This review provides a brief overview of the challenges of PCa screening methods and emergent biomarkers. We also focus on the potential of volatilomics for the establishment of PCa biomarkers from non-invasive matrices.
尽管在分子医学领域取得了惊人进展，包括在人类基因组发现的支持下的基因组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学、脂质组学和个性化医学，但前列腺癌（PCa）仍然是男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤和肿瘤死亡的主要原因。用于预后、诊断和治疗评估的新方法主要基于成像技术与其他方法（如基因或蛋白质分析）的结合，旨在改善前列腺癌的管理和监测。然而，缺乏用于早期检测的高度特异性和敏感性生物标志物是实现这一目标的主要障碍。除了经典生物标志物外，对通过不同代谢途径生物合成并存在于多种生物流体中的内源性挥发性有机代谢物（VOMs）的研究正在成为一种创新、高效、可及且非侵入性的方法，用于建立前列腺癌患者的挥发组生物特征，揭示潜在的生物标志物。本综述简要概述了前列腺癌筛查方法和新兴生物标志物面临的挑战。我们还关注了挥发组学从非侵入性基质建立前列腺癌生物标志物的潜力。
