School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 25;111 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4691-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312544110. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Turbulence in a superfluid in the zero-temperature limit consists of a dynamic tangle of quantized vortex filaments. Different types of turbulence are possible depending on the level of correlations in the orientation of vortex lines. We provide an overview of turbulence in superfluid (4)He with a particular focus on recent experiments probing the decay of turbulence in the zero-temperature regime below 0.5 K. We describe extensive measurements of the vortex line density during the free decay of different types of turbulence: ultraquantum and quasiclassical turbulence in both stationary and rotating containers. The observed decays and the effective dissipation as a function of temperature are compared with theoretical models and numerical simulations.
在零温极限下，超流体内的湍流由量子涡旋线的动态纠缠组成。根据涡旋线方向的关联程度，可能存在不同类型的湍流。我们提供了超流（4）He 中湍流的概述，特别关注最近在 0.5 K 以下零温区域探测湍流衰减的实验。我们描述了在不同类型的湍流的自由衰减过程中涡线密度的广泛测量：在静止和旋转容器中的超量子和准经典湍流。观察到的衰减以及作为温度函数的有效耗散与理论模型和数值模拟进行了比较。
