Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle and School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 25;111 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4647-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1400033111. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are characterized by quantized vorticity, superfluidity, and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes types and regimes of turbulence that have been observed, and highlights similarities and differences between quantum turbulence and classical turbulence in ordinary fluids. Our aim is also to link together the articles of this special issue and to provide a perspective of the future development of a subject that contains aspects of fluid mechanics, atomic physics, condensed matter, and low-temperature physics.
量子湍流表示量子流体的湍流运动,例如超流氦和原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态等系统,其特点是量子涡度、超流性以及在有限温度下的双流体行为。本文介绍了它们的基本性质,描述了已观察到的湍流类型和状态,并强调了量子湍流与普通流体中经典湍流的异同。我们的目的还在于将本期特刊的文章联系起来,并提供一个视角,展示这个包含流体力学、原子物理、凝聚态和低温物理等方面的主题的未来发展。