School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Sep;70:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.011. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Eighty two community dwelling older adults (52 females) aged 62-92 years (mean=75) completed a battery of cognitive and visual tests selected to assess functions relevant to driving performance. These were visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, general mental competence (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), processing speed (Inspection Time, IT), crowding across the visual field (Proficiency of Peripheral Vision Processing, ProPerVis) and change detection (DriverScan). These six tasks provided predictor variables for performance on the Useful Field of View test (UFOV), a well validated test of fitness to drive that includes subtests for (i) processing speed; (ii) divided attention; and (iii) selective attention. Relative importance regression analyses confirmed that UFOV is sensitive to attentional and speed processes but suggested that subtest (i) primarily reflects visual acuity and contrast sensitivity; subtest (ii) is better explained by change detection and processing speed; and subtest (iii) predominantly reflects crowding and contrast sensitivity. Unexpectedly, given no evidence of substantial cognitive decline, MMSE contributed significantly to performance on the more complex subtests (ii) and (iii).
82 名居住在社区的老年人（52 名女性），年龄在 62-92 岁之间（平均年龄=75 岁），完成了一系列认知和视觉测试，这些测试旨在评估与驾驶表现相关的功能。这些测试包括视力、对比敏感度、一般心智能力（简易精神状态检查，MMSE）、处理速度（检查时间，IT）、视野拥挤（周边视觉处理能力熟练度测试，ProPerVis）和变化检测（DriverScan）。这六个任务为有用视野测试（UFOV）的表现提供了预测变量，UFOV 是一种经过充分验证的驾驶适应性测试，包括用于（i）处理速度；（ii）分散注意力；和（iii）选择性注意力的子测试。相对重要性回归分析证实，UFOV 对注意力和速度过程敏感，但表明子测试（i）主要反映视力和对比敏感度；子测试（ii）由变化检测和处理速度更好地解释；而子测试（iii）主要反映拥挤和对比敏感度。出乎意料的是，鉴于没有认知能力明显下降的证据，MMSE 对更复杂的子测试（ii）和（iii）的表现有显著贡献。
