Chronowska Ewa
Third Chair of Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Pradnicka 35-37, 31-202 Cracow, Poland.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:213570. doi: 10.1155/2014/213570. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
The quality of follicular oocytes depends on interactions with surrounding granulosa cells. Development of molecular techniques and methods enables better understanding of processes underlying mammalian reproduction on cellular level. The success in reproductive biology and medicine in different species depends on reliable assessment of oocyte and embryo viability which presently mainly bases on embryo morphology. Although successful pregnancies have been achieved using this approach, its precision still should be improved and completed with other, more objective, and accurate assessment strategies. Global profiling of gene expression in follicular cumulus cells using microarrays is continuously leading to the establishment of new biomarkers which can be used to select oocytes with highest developmental potential. Even more potential applications and greater precision could be achieved using next generation sequencing (NGS) of granulosa and cumulus cell RNA (RNA-seq). However, due to the high cost, this method is not used as frequently as microarrays at the moment. In any case, high-throughput technologies offer the possibilities and advantages in ovarian somatic cell analysis on scale that has not been noted so far. The aim of this work is to present current directions and examples of global molecular profiling of granulosa cells and underline its impact on reproductive biology and medicine.
卵泡卵母细胞的质量取决于与周围颗粒细胞的相互作用。分子技术和方法的发展使得在细胞水平上更好地理解哺乳动物生殖的潜在过程成为可能。不同物种在生殖生物学和医学方面的成功取决于对卵母细胞和胚胎活力的可靠评估，目前这主要基于胚胎形态。尽管使用这种方法已经实现了成功妊娠，但其准确性仍有待提高，并需要用其他更客观、准确的评估策略加以完善。使用微阵列对卵泡丘细胞中的基因表达进行全局分析不断促使新生物标志物的建立，这些标志物可用于选择具有最高发育潜力的卵母细胞。使用颗粒细胞和丘细胞RNA的新一代测序（RNA测序）可以实现更多潜在应用并提高准确性。然而，由于成本高昂，目前该方法的使用频率不如微阵列高。无论如何，高通量技术在卵巢体细胞分析中提供了前所未有的可能性和优势。本文的目的是介绍颗粒细胞全局分子分析的当前方向和实例，并强调其对生殖生物学和医学的影响。
