Arud Centres for Addiction Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Viral Hepat. 2014 May;21 Suppl 1:5-33. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12247.
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6,358,000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2,106,000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.
慢性丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是肝脏疾病的主要指标。新的治疗选择正在出现，因此需要对 HCV 的流行病学和疾病负担进行特征描述。通过文献检索和专家共识，为 16 个国家获得了关于患病率、病毒血症、基因型、诊断和治疗的数据。对于一些国家，使用集中登记处的数据来估算诊断和治疗率。从集中数据库获得了肝移植数量以及归因于 HCV 的比例的数据。病毒血症的患病率估计在各国之间差异很大，从奥地利、英国和德国的 0.3%到埃及的 8.5%不等。最大的病毒血症人群在埃及，2008 年有 635.8 万例，巴西 2007 年有 210.6 万例。病例的年龄分布在各国之间存在差异。在大多数国家，男性的患病率较高，这反映了注射毒品使用的较高率。诊断、治疗和移植水平在各国之间也有很大差异。可靠地估计 HCV 感染人群对于解决 HCV 相关发病率和死亡率至关重要。需要在国家层面上量化慢性 HCV 感染的负担。
