Hermann Andrea, Keck Tanja, Stark Rudolf
Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience and Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience and Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014 Sep;113:115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.03.008. Epub 2014 Apr 5.
Adverse learning experiences play a significant role in the etiology of anxiety disorders. However, not all individuals experiencing negative events develop heightened anxiety. This is possibly due to individual differences in the regulation of negative emotions associated with these negative events. Cognitive reappraisal is defined as reinterpreting an emotion-eliciting situation in a way that changes its emotional impact. A more frequent use of cognitive reappraisal in daily life has been shown to be more adaptive. However, no study to date examined the association of dispositional cognitive reappraisal with emotional learning, in order to elucidate individual differences in negative emotional responses towards aversive events. The goal of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate the association of dispositional cognitive reappraisal with subjective, electrodermal and neural correlates of fear acquisition and extinction. Data of 41 healthy individuals, who participated in a socially relevant differential conditioning paradigm (acquisition and extinction learning: day 1, extinction recall: day 2), were acquired. Dispositional cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with right insula, and hippocampus activation during acquisition. Furthermore, the reduction of self-reported conditioned fear during extinction learning as well as reduced insula and enhanced rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during extinction learning was related to cognitive reappraisal. In addition, reduced recovery of conditioned arousal, reduced anterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation and enhanced ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation during extinction recall was observed in individuals with higher cognitive reappraisal scores. The results indicate that dispositional cognitive reappraisal modulates subjective and neural correlates of fear conditioning, probably leading to reduced acquisition and stronger extinction learning and recall. These results point to the important role of dispositional cognitive reappraisal in the development and modification of conditioned emotional responses and might further improve our understanding of anxiety disorders.
不良学习经历在焦虑症的病因中起着重要作用。然而，并非所有经历负面事件的个体都会出现焦虑加剧的情况。这可能是由于个体在调节与这些负面事件相关的负面情绪方面存在差异。认知重新评估被定义为以改变其情绪影响的方式重新解释引发情绪的情境。在日常生活中更频繁地使用认知重新评估已被证明更具适应性。然而，迄今为止尚无研究考察特质性认知重新评估与情绪学习之间的关联，以阐明个体对厌恶事件的负面情绪反应差异。这项功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的目的是调查特质性认知重新评估与恐惧习得和消退的主观、皮肤电及神经相关性之间的关联。收集了41名健康个体的数据，他们参与了一个与社会相关的差异条件作用范式（习得和消退学习：第1天，消退回忆：第2天）。特质性认知重新评估与习得过程中右侧脑岛和海马体的激活呈负相关。此外，在消退学习过程中自我报告的条件性恐惧的降低以及消退学习过程中脑岛激活的减少和喙部前扣带回皮质激活的增强与认知重新评估有关。此外，在认知重新评估得分较高的个体中，观察到在消退回忆过程中条件性唤醒的恢复减少、前扣带回和背内侧前额叶皮质激活减少以及腹内侧前额叶皮质激活增强。结果表明，特质性认知重新评估调节恐惧条件作用的主观和神经相关性，可能导致习得减少以及更强的消退学习和回忆。这些结果表明特质性认知重新评估在条件性情绪反应的发展和改变中起着重要作用，可能会进一步增进我们对焦虑症的理解。
